Sustainable Agriculture and Food: Four volume set (Earthscan Reference Collections)

Table 20.2

(continued)

Meadows et al (1972)

Mesarovic and Pestel (1974)

Kahn, Brown and Martel (1976)

Goldsmith et al (1972)

LAWM

a^

Herrera et al (1976)

Leontief, Carter and Petri (1977)

USCEQ

b^

(1980)

Clark and Munn (1986)

Brown(1981)

Equity

Social goals: justice = basic needs

Narrow income gap; we’re all connected

Gap to persist; inequity nor mal, healthy, moral

Not addressed; implied goal

Main goal

Main goal

Increased

Not addressed

Need for redistribuon, not growth

Rights and responsi-bilities

Basic needs; produce food; moral resources; behavioural restraint; trade-off of freedoms

Not addressed; share global wealth and resources; change values

All share in market levers of control; individual struggle for meaning; individuals maintain morale

Maintain social economic stability; restrain consumption, reproduction; provide goal structure – prestige

Basic needs; priority = needs; universal rights; work collectively

Basic needs; benefits of development

Not addressed

Not addressed

Individuals responsible to shape society; emphasis on voluntarism

Political organiza-tion and authority

Not addressed; nationstate; define values then choose; participation

Nation state; global cooperation; reduced polarization

Nation state; no world government; reduced competition; manipulative power; elite rule; public lacks expertise; democracy, if ‘republican virtues’ re-established

Decentralized; local, small scale; participation; peer pressure; only unstable society needs strong authority

International socialism; nationstate; participation

Nation state; internally restructured LDC;

e North

surrender power to South

Not addressed; nation-state

More of the same

Not addressed