354 Agricultural Revolutions and Change
Table 15.2Meta–land-use systems and candidate best-bet alternative systems (with some worst bets) at each ASB benchmark siteMeta–land-use system BrazilCameroonIndonesiaPeruThailandForestsNatural forestsLogged forestsExtractive reservesCommunity-managed forestsNatural forestsLogged forestsCommunity-managed forestsNatural forestsLogged forestsCommunity-managed forestsNatural forestsLogged forestsExtractive reservesNatural forestsLogged forestsCommunity-managed forestsComplex agroforestsNoneCocoa agroforests (jungle cocoa)Rubber agroforests (jungle rubber)Bora systemTea agroforests (jungle tea)Simple agroforests and intensive tree cropsMultistrata agroforests (cupuaçú + pupunha + castanha)Coffee + rubberCoffee + fast-growing timberOil palm plantationsOil palm plantations Rubber monoculture plantationsPulpwood plantationsPeach palm Bolaina CapironaFruit orchardsFood crop–fallow systemsCoffee monoculture Annual food crop, 3-yr fallow Annual food crop, 2-yr legume fallowMelon and mixed food crop, 15-yr fallow Mixed food crop, 4-yr bush fallowMixed food crop, 4-yr ChromolaenafallowUpland rice, 10-yr bush fallow Mixed food crops, 5-yr bush fallowCassava, 2-yr ImperatafallowUpland rice, cassava, short fallowsUpland rice, barley, ginger, short fallowsContinuous food crops NoneNoneCassavaCabbagesPastures and grasslandsDegraded pastures Improved pasturesNoneImperatagrasslandsDegraded pastures Improved pasturesImperatagrasslands