366 Agricultural Revolutions and Change
Cairns, M., and D.P. Garrity. 1999. Improving shifting cultivation in Southeast Asia by building on
indigenous fallow management strategies. Agrofor. Syst. 47:37–48.
Carpenter, G, A.N. Gillison, and J. Winter. 1993. DOMAIN: A flexible modeling procedure for map-
ping potential distributions of plants and animals. Biodiversity Conserv. 2:667–680.
Cerri, C.C., B. Volkoff, and F. Andreaux. 1991. Nature and behavior of organic matter in soils under
natural forest, and after deforestation, burning and cultivation near Manaus. Forest Ecol. Manage.
38:247–257.
CIFOR (Center for International Forestry Research). 2000. Integrated natural resource management
research in the CGIAR. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia.
Colfer, C.J.P., D.W. Gill, and F. Agus. 1988. An indigenous agricultural model from West Sumatra: A
source of scientific insight. Agric. Syst. 26:191–209.
Conklin, H.C. 1954. An ethno ecological approach to shifting cultivation. Trans. New York Acad. Sci.
II 17(2): 133–142.
Conklin, H.C. 1963. The study of shifting cultivation. Studies and monographs, VI. Union Panameri-
cana, Washington DC.
Cowgill, U.M. 1962. An anthropological study of the southern Maya lowlands. Am. Anthropologist
64:273–286.
Dixon, J., A. Gulliver, and D. Gibbon. 2001. Farming systems and poverty. Improving farmers’ livelihoods
in a changing world. FAO, Rome.
Duguma, B., J. Gockowski, and J. Bekala. 2001. Smallholder cacao (Theobroma cacao Linn.) cultiva-
tion in agroforestry systems of West and Central Africa: Challenges and opportunities. Agrofor.
Syst. 51 (3):177–188.
Durst, P. 2000. Forest news. Tigerpaper 27(3 July–Sept. 2000).
Eswaran, H. 1995. External evaluation of the project Alternatives to Slash-and-Burn. UNDP, New York.
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization). 1997. State of the world’s forests. FAO, Rome.
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) Staff. 1957. Shifting cultivation. Trop. Agric. (Trinidad)
34:159–164.
Fay, C, H. de Foresta, M. Sarait, and T.P. Tomich. 1998. A policy breakthrough for Indonesian farmers
in the Krui damar agroforests. Agrofor. Today 10 (2):25–26.
Foresta, H. de, and G. Michon. 1994. Agroforests in Indonesia: Where ecology and economy meet.
Agrofor. Today 6:12–14.
Fujisaka, S., G. Kirk, J.A. Litsinger, K. Moody, N. Hosen, A. Yusef, et al. 1991. Wild pigs, poor soils, and
upland rice: A diagnostic survey of Sitiung, Sumatra, Indonesia. IRRI Res. Paper Ser. IRRI, Manila.
Garrity, D.P. (ed.). 1997. Agroforestry innovations for Imperata grassland rehabilitation. Kluwer Aca-
demic Publ., Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Geist, H.J., and E.F. Lambin. 2002. Proximate causes and underlying driving forces of tropical defor-
estation. BioScience 52(2):143–149.
Gillison, A.N. (coord.). 2000. Above-ground biodiversity assessment working group summary report
1996–98. Impact of different land uses on biodiversity and social indicators. Alternatives to Slash
and Burn Project, ICRAF, Nairobi.
Gillison, A.N. 2001. A field manual for rapid vegetation classification and survey for general purposes
(including instructions for the use of a rapid survey proforma and VegClass computer software).
CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia. (CD-ROM and hard copy.)
Gillison, A. 2002. A generic, computer-assisted method for rapid vegetation classification and survey:
Tropical and temperate case studies. Conserv. Ecol. 6:3. Available at http://www. consecol.org/vol6/iss2/
art3 (verified 7 Dec. 2003).
Gillison, A.N., and G. Carpenter. 1997. A plant functional attribute set and grammar for dynamic
vegetation description and analysis. Functional Ecol. 11:775–783.
Gintings, A.N., S. Partohardjono, T. Sukandi, S. Sukmana, K. Suradisastra, P. Cooper, et al. 1995. Site
selection for alternatives to slash-and-burn in Indonesia: Report of a site-selection exercise in
Kalimantan and Sumatra, 18–27 Aug. 1992. ICRAF, Nairobi.