The Food Lab: Better Home Cooking Through Science

(Nandana) #1

  • “Fresh” means that the meat has never been frozen (for
    poultry, freezing temperature is around 26°F, due to
    dissolved solids in its cells). Of course, some supermarkets
    do keep their stock cases colder than this minimum
    temperature, and you might find that the bird in the back
    of the case is frozen solid. A good way to determine
    whether or not the bird has been frozen is to check the
    packaging: Freezing damages cell structure and can cause
    interior liquids to leak out. If the packaging has lots of
    juices in it, chances are your bird was frozen. Move along.

  • “Cage-Free” birds have been raised in large open barns
    rather than confined to small cages. However, this term
    does not guarantee they had any access to the outdoors,
    nor does it guarantee an improved stocking density (the
    number of chickens housed in a given space) or protection
    against debeaking, a painful procedure chickens are put
    through in order to prevent them from injuring each other
    when kept in close confinement. Chances are good that
    these birds were raised in cramped, crowded conditions.

  • Free-Range or Free-Roaming birds have been raised in
    large open barns with limited access to the outdoors via a
    door to an outdoor coop; often this is a single small door
    in a cavernous barn. While they are certainly better off
    than birds raised in cages, it’s very likely that most “free-
    range” bids have not actually ever stepped foot outside.
    Even if they have, there’s no guarantee that they’ve seen
    grass or pasture—that outside space can be dirt, gravel, or
    even concrete.

  • “Organic” standards for birds are enforced by the
    government. By law, organic birds must be raised on a

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