Istanbul
Batum
Tbilisi
Baghdad
Ankara Baku
TURKEY
IRAN
USSR
BAHRAIN
KUWAIT
1961
CYPRUS
1960
EGYPT
1953 Republic
1958 UAR
SUDAN
1956
ETHIOPIA
LEBANON
DODECANESE
1945/7
to Greece
ISRAEL
1948 Rep.
BLACK
SEA
Trabzon
Neutral
Zones
Aleppo
Muscat
C
A
S
P
IA
N
S
E
A
ME
DIT
ERR
ANE
AN
SEA
SYRIA
Rep.
SINAI
PEN.
IRAQ
1932
QATAR
R.Tig
R. ris
Euph
rates
Mosul
Alexandria Jerusalem
Cairo Port Said
Suez
Khartoum
Addis Ababa
Sana
Aden
Djibouti
R E D S E A
JORDAN
1946
Kingdom
YEMEN
1962 Rep.
SOMALI REP.
1960
SOMALILANDFRENCH SOCOTRA
ADEN
TRU
CIA
L
OM
AN
SAUDIA ARABIA
since 1932
R.
Nil
e
R.
W
hit
eN
eil
R.
Bl
ue
Nil
e
GUL
F O
F A
DE
N
INDIAN
OCEAN
0 200 400 miles
OM
AN
The Middle East, 1960–2
