One Chinese Province (Westview, 1995); W. J. Duiker,
Vietnam. Revolution in Transition (Westview, 1995);
21 AFRICA
The standard work is the multi-volume Cambridge
History of Africa; for the twentieth century the relevant
volumes are vol. 6 (From 1870–1905), ed. R. Oliver and
G. N. Sanderson; vol. 7 (From 1905–1940), ed. A.
Roberts; vol. 8 (From 1940–1975), ed. M. Crowder
(Cambridge, 1984–6). The overall editors of the history
are J. D. Fage and R. Oliver. The best one-volume
overviews are J. D. Fage, A History of Africa (2nd edn,
Unwin Hyman, 1993); B. Davidson, Africa in History
(revised edn, Macmillan, 1992); B. Freund, The Making
of Contemporary Africa: The Development of African
Society since 1800 (Macmillan, 1984). A stimulating
study emphasising the African viewpoint is A. A. Mazrui
and M. Tidy, Nationalism and New States in Africa
(Heinemann, 1984). See also P. Calvocoressi, Independ-
ent Africa and the World (Longman, 1985). For
British imperialism in Africa and the rest of the world, a
good overview is B. Porter, The Lion’s Share: Short
History of British Imperialism, 1850–1953 (Longman,
1984). Also of value is J. Gallagher, The Decline, Revival
and Fall of the British Empire(Cambridge, 1982). The
multi-volume Colonialism in Africa, 5 vols, ed. L. H.
Gann and P. Duignan (Cambridge, 1969–74), is com-
prehensive. There is also a very good one-volume study,
J. D. Hargreaves, Decolonization in Africa (Longman,
1988).
For economic and development aspects specifically,
D. K. Fieldhouse, Blade Africa, 1945–1980: Economic
Decolonization and Arrested Development (Alien &
Unwin, 1987) puts forward reasons for slow progress.
See also C. Ake, A Political Economy of Africa*
(Longman, 1981); A. G. Hopkins, Economic History of
West Africa(Longnian, 1973).
East Africa
R. Oliver (ed.), Oxford History of East Africa(3 vols,
Oxford, 1963–75); K. Ingham, The Making of Modern
Uganda(Allen & Unwin, 1958); by the same author, A
History of East Africa(3rd edn, Longman, 1965); T.
Virginia and R. Adloff, Djibouti and the Horn(Stanford,
1968); B. H. Selassie, Conflict and Intervention in the
Horn of Africa (Monthly Review Press, 1980); M.
Meredith, The Past is Another Country: Rhodesia UDI to
Zimbabwe (Pan, 1980).
West Africa
M. Crowder, West Africa under Colonial Rule
(Hutchinson, 1968); J. D. Fage, History of West Africa*
(Cambridge, 1969); by the same author, Ghana:
A Historical Interpretation(Greenwood, 1983); G. A.
Langley, Pan-Africanism and Nationalism in West
Africa(Oxford, 1973); J. Dunn (ed.), West African
States: Failure and Promise (Cambridge, 1978).South Africa
There is a large literature. An excellent overview is T. R.
H. Davenport, South Africa: A Modern History* (3rd
edn, Macmillan, 1987). See also G. M. Gerhart, Black
Power in South Africa: The Evolution of an Ideology*
(California, 1978); M. Benson, South Africa: The
Struggle for a Birthright(International Defence Aid,
1985); T. Huddleston, Naught for Comfort(Fount,
1977); R. M. Price, The Apartheid State in Crisis:
Political Transformation in South Africa, 1975–90
(Oxford, 1991). If there is time for only one book on
Africa it has to be Nelson Mandela’s, Long Walk to
Freedom* (Little, Brown, 1994).22 LATIN AMERICATwo good overviews are B. Keen, A History of Latin
America* (vol. 2, 4th edn, Houghton Mifflin, 1992)
and T. E. Skidmore and P. H. Smith, Modern Latin
America* (Oxford, 1997), which covers the century
from the 1880s to the 1980s and also contains an exten-
sive bibliography. An interesting interpretation by the
Latin American correspondent of the Observer, H.
O’Shaughnessy is the book of the BBC radio series
Latin Americans* (BBC-Parkwest, 1988). The monu-
mental Cambridge History of Latin America, under its
editor L. Bethell, is gradually being completed, volumes
4 and 5 cover the years 1870 to 1930 and volumes 7 and
8 the years since 1930 (Cambridge, 1986–92).Mexico
M. C. Meyer and W. L. Sherman, The Course of Mexican
History* (4th edn, Oxford, NY, 1991); A. Knight, The
Mexican Revolution(2 vols, Cambridge, 1986).Venezuela
J. V. Lombardi, Venezuela: The Search for Order, the
Dream of Progress(Oxford, NY, 1982).Central America
R. L. Woodward Jr, Central America: A Nation
Divided* (2nd edn, Oxford, NY, 1986). For economic
development, see V. Bulmer-Thomas, The Political
Economy of Central America since 1920* (Cambridge,
1987). See also J. Valenta and E Duran (eds), Conflict
in Nicaragua: A Multidimensional Perspective* (Allen
& Unwin, 1987); R. R. Fagen, Forging Peace: The
Challenge of Central America* (Blackwell, 1987).Cuba
For a general history, see H. Thomas, Cuba: The Pursuit
of Freedom(Harper & Row, 1971).