148 Chapter 7 Prepositions and preposition phrases
- Determine which of the verbs below
belong to the class of prepositional verbs.
For those that do, identify the preposi
tion(s) they select and provide relevant
examples. (Do this exercise with the help
of a good dictionary.) For each verb +
preposition sequence say whether or not it
is fossilised, and provide evidence that
your claim about fossilisation is correct.
i bank vi hope
ii believe
iii convince
vii see
viii slll nd
iv fa ll ix treat
v fe el x wait- The word up is a particle in We fo lded up
the map but not in We climbed up the
mountain. What syntactic differences can
you find between the two constructions?
Use these differences to say for each of
the following which of the two kinds of
construction it belongs to.
I looked over my shoulder.
11 We must bring ill. the washing.
III We 'd better run gjJsome more copies.
iv I knocked over the vase.
v He never got over his disappointment. - For each of the following words, decide
whether it is a preposition or an
adjective, and give arguments to support
your view: [i] about; [ii] ahead; [iii] aloof;
[iv] aloft; [v] around. - Construct an example, complete with as
much context as necessary, to show that
when the context is right a pronoun can
FOLLOW the particle in a verb + particle
construction like rip you off or call him out
or turn them down, if it is contrastively
stressed. - Which of the following prepositions can
occur in declarative main clauses either
with or without an NP complement? Give
examples to illustrate both uses, noting
those which occur without an NP comple
ment only in a restricted subset of their
uses/meanings:
against vi throughout
ii between vii to
iii despite viii underneath
iv inside ix until
v opposite x within- The following examples have stranded
prepositions. Construct corresponding
examples with a fronted preposition. If you
find any of your examples ungrammatical,
mark them with * in the usual way.
They couldn't agree on who it refe rred
to.
ii What am I supposed to cut this thing
with?
iii He 's the man I showed the photo to.
iv The place we 're going to is so informal
they don 't have table cloths.
v It was the only proposal which every
department member agreed with. - The following examples have fronted
prepositions. Construct corresponding
examples with a stranded preposition.
If the example turns out to be ungrammati
ca), mark it with *.
Under what circumstances would you
agree?
ii In what year was she born?
iii He came to the bed in which Goldilocks
had been sleeping.
iv It ap pealed to everyone with whom he
discussed it.
v It was a situation in which it would
have been hard fo r anyone to fo rm a
judgement concerning what to do. - Classify the following words as adverbs or
prepositions, basing your answers on the
criteria discussed in Ch. 7 and citing the
relevant evidence: [i] ahead; [ii] always;
[iii] indoors; [iv] oft en; [v] overseas.