Index
abbreviation, 287
absolute negator, 153-4
accusative, 5, 67-8,105-7, 165-6,
190,210,295
acronym, 287
across the board, 229-30
active clause/voice, 26, 239-43, 295
addressee, 101-3, 171
adjectival passive, 246
adjective, adjective phrase, 16,
18-20,96, lOO, 112-24, 133-5,
195,280-1,295
adjunct, 65-7, 71, 78-80,179-80,
195,295
adverb, adverb phrase, 16, 19-20,
122-5,130-3,140,280-1,295
affix, affixation, 27, 150-1, 282, 284,
295
affixal negation, 150-1
agreement, 39, 68, 88-90, 108, 229n,
242,295
alternation, 26 6--7
alternative question, 163-4
American English vs British English,
2,40n, 49n, 57n, 89-90, 128,
153n, 177,200,202,267,269,
271,276n
anaphora, 101-2, 183-4,259,295
answer, 162, 16 6--7
antecedent, 101-2, 106, 183-4, 189,
191,206-7,211,259,295
appositive, 96
approximate negator, 153-4
ascriptive use of be, 76--7, 295
aspect, 41-2,51-2, 295
asymmetric coordination, 230-1
attributive (adjective, etc.), 18, 112,
296
attributive genitive, 11 0
attributive-only adjective, 120
auxiliary verb, 18,37-42, 152,
219-20,260,296
back-formation, 285-6
backgrounded element, 251, 253-4
backshift,47-8,50,57,296
bare coordinate, 22 6--7, 296
bare existential, 249-50
bare genitive, 279
bare infinitival, 31-2, 213, 296
bare passive, 245-6
bare relative, 184-5
bare role NP, 74, 88, 140, 296
base, 27, 282, 296
base plural, 278-9, 296
be-passive, 245
blending, 28 6--7
bound element, 282
British English: see American
English vs British English
canonical clause, 24-7, 63, 77-8, 296
cardinal numeral, 86
case,67-8,82, 106-7, 165-6, 190,
210,296
category, 14-15, 93n, 228-9
category-changing/preserving affix,
284
catenative, 214-22, 245-6, 260, 296
clausal negation, 151-4
clausal sentence, 12
clause, 12-14
clause reduction, 260
clause structure, 63-80
clause type, 24-5,159-72,175, 296
clipping, 286
closed interrogative/question,
159-63,167,175,178-80,296
collective noun, 89-90, 297
command,8
common noun, 17,84-5,297
comparative (grade, etc.), lOO, 112,
115,123,195-9,280-1,297
comparative clause, 174-5,201-2,
297
comparison, 195-202
comparison of equality, 199-200
complement, 22-3, 65-7, 93-5,
118-19,125,139-42,175-6,178,
180,256,297complex catenative, 220-2, 297
complex preposition, 14 6--7
complex word, 281-2
complex-intransitive/transitive, 78,
119,246,248-9,297
composite symbol, 268, 297
compound, compounding, lOO,
283-4
compound sentence, 12
compound tense, 48
conditional,47, 171,231,297
conjunction, 21
consonant, 268, 297
consonant doubling, 269-71
constant polarity tag, 150
constituent, 64, 145,221,234-6,252
content clause, 174-81, 184, 192,
202,247,297
continuative perfect, 51, 297
conversion, 284-5
coordinate, coordination, 12, 16,25,
88, 104, 107, 147, 161, 163, 21On,
225-37,297
coordinator, 16,21,225-6,230-3,
298
core meaning, 217, 222, 238-41
correlative coordination, 232, 298
countnoun,85-8,169,259,298
current relevance, 49dangling modifier, 207-9
declarative, 8-9, 24, 159-61, 164,
172,175-7,298
default, 13, 26, 50, 53, 83, 85, 102,
120,130, 149, 159, 161, 174, 197,
226,234,243,248,250,256--7,
272-3,277,279,298
definite, definiteness, 19,91-3,
250-1,298
definite article, 91-2, 117, 298
definitions, 5-9
deictic, deixis, 101-2,242,261,298
delayed right constituent
coordination, 236
denotation, 187309