salts and pancreatic enzymes help break food
down even further. The carbohydrates are
completely broken down into individual
sugars; smaller protein molecules are broken
down into peptides or individual amino acids;
fats are broken down into glycerol and fatty
acids.
When everything is properly broken down,
most of the useful parts are absorbed through
the lining of the small intestine and eventually
end up in the bloodstream, which is the
primary means of transporting nutrients from
place to place.
The remainder of your meal then passes
into the large intestine, which reabsorbs water
and some minerals. The rest of the solid waste
is excreted via, well ... you know.