B
Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Bottle Gourd) — Not covered (AHP;
CAN; KOM; LAF; PHR). Processed fruits, leaves, and flowers eaten on many continents, but
still reported as potentially toxic, especially green fruits. Fruit flesh fed to rabbits, leads to
restlessness and dyspnea, with paralysis and death from asphyxia (WBB). Leaves contain 1300
ppm steroidal steroids (ZMB) (JFM). At levels of 250 mg/kg, various extracts, including the
ethanol extract of the fruits, exhibited liver-protecting properties (Shirwaikar & Sreenivasan,
Coll. Pharm. Sci., 1996).
BOWMAN’S ROOT (Gillenia trifoliata (L.) Moench) +Synonym — Porteranthus trifoliatus (L.) Britton, Spiraea trifoliata L.
Activities (Bowman’s Root) — Bitter (f; PH2); Depurative (f; PH2); Diaphoretic (f; DEM); Emetic
(f; FAD); Expectorant (f; PH2); Laxative (f; DEM; FAD).
Indications (Bowman’s Root) — Asthma (f; DEM; FAD); Chill (f; DEM); Cold (f; DEM; FAD);
Constipation (f; DEM; FAD; PH2); Diarrhea (f; DEM; PH2); Dropsy (f; PH2); Dyspepsia (f; FAD;
PH2); Fever (f; DEM); Flu (f; DEM); Hepatosis (f; DEM; FAD); Nephrosis (f; DEM); Rheumatism
(f; DEM; FAD; PH2); Sore Throat (f; DEM); Sting (f; DEM; FAD); Swelling (f; DEM; FAD);
Toothache (f; DEM); Wound (f; DEM).
Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Bowman’s Root) — Not covered (AHP).
“Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) (but PH2 designates
no specific quantified dosage! JAD).
BOXWOOD (Buxus sempervirens L.) +Synonym — B. colchica Pojark.
Activities (Boxwood) — Alterative (f; CRC); Antibacterial (1; PH2); Antipyretic (f; CRC;
EFS); Antitumor (f; CRC); Cholagogue (f; CRC; EFS); Cytotoxic (1; PH2); Depurative (f;
CRC; PHR); Diaphoretic (f; BIB; CRC; EFS; PH2); Diuretic (f; EFS; CRC); Emetic (f; BIB;