E
Dosages (European Elder) — 2 tsp flowers/cup water several ×/day (APA); 2–4 g dry flower
(PNC); 2–5 g dry flower as tea 3 ×/day (CAN; SKY); 2–4 ml liquid flower extract (1:1 in 25%
ethanol) 3 ×/day (CAN); 5–15 g fluid (KOM; MAD); 1.5–3 g fluid extract (KOM); 2.5–7.5 g
tincture (KOM); 2–10 ml liquid extract 1–2 ×/day (PNC; SKY).
Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (European Elder) — Class 1 (AHP). None
reported (KOM; PIP). “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2).
Raw unripe fruits and other parts contain the cyanogenic sambunigrin, which in excess, can cause
diarrhea and/or vomiting. Excessive use of diuretics may result in hypokalemia. If antineuraminidase
activity of berry extracts can be confirmed, this might be viewed as a potential competitor for the
new 1999 drug Relenza™. The berry extracts have long been recommended for flu.EUROPEAN FIVE-FINGER, CINQUEFOIL (Potentilla reptans L.) ++Activities (European Five-Finger) — Antipyretic (f; WOI); Astringent (1; PH2; WOI); Depurative
(f; WOI); Hemostat (f; CEB; JLH); Tonic (f; CEB); Vulnerary (1; PH2).
Indications (European Five-Finger) — Acrochordon (f; JLH); Ague (f; CEB); Bladder Stone (f;
HHB); Bleeding (1; CEB; JLH); Cancer (1; JLH); Cancer, colon (1; JLH); Cancer, intestine (1;
JLH); Cancer, stomach (1; JLH); Condyloma (f; JLH); Cystosis (f; HHB); Diarrhea (1; PH2; WOI);
Dysentery (f; HHB); Dysmenorrhea (f; CEB); Enterosis (f; JLH); Epistaxis (f; HHB); Fever (1;
PH2; WOI); Gastrosis (f; JLH); Gingivosis (1; PH2); Heartburn (f; PH2); Hepatosis (f; JLH);
Induration (f; JLH); Infection (f; HHB); Inflammation (1; JLH; PH2); Kernel (f; JLH); Kidney
Stone (f; HHB); Nephrosis (f; HHB); Splenosis (f; JLH); Stomatosis (1; PH2); Swelling (f; JLH);
Toothache (f; PH2); Wound (f; HHB).
Dosages (European Five-Finger) — 3 g shoot or root/100 ml water, 2–3 cups/day (PH2).
Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (European Five-Finger) — Not covered.
Tannin-sensitive subjects may suffer gastric distress (AHP).“Hazards and/or side effects not known
for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2).EUROPEAN LARCH (Larix decidua Mill.)++Synonyms — Larix europaea DC., Pinus larix L.Activities (European Larch) — Allergenic (1; KOM); Antiseptic (1; KOM); Astringent (1; EFS;
HHB); Diaphoretic (f; EFS); Diuretic (f; EFS; HHB); Expectorant (f; HHB); Hemostat (f; EFS);
Laxative (f; EFS); Rubefacient (1; KOM); Stimulant (f; DEM); Stomachic (f; EFS).Indications (European Larch) — Bleeding (f; EFS); Blood Pressure (2; PH2); Bronchosis (2;
EFS; HHB; PH2); Cancer, gut (f; JLH); Cancer, liver (f; JLH); Cancer, spleen (f; JLH); Cancer,
uterus (f; JLH); Catarrh (2; KOM); Cold (2; PH2); Dysuria (f; EFS); Fever (2; EFS; PH2); Furuncle
(1; KOM; PH2); Gleet (f; CEB); Hepatosis (f; JLH); Infection (2; PH2); Induration (f; JLH);
Inflammation (f; EFS); Neuralgia (2; KOM; PH2); Pain (f; PH2); Pharyngosis (2; PH2); Respirosis
(1; KOM); Rheumatism (2; EFS; KOM; PH2); Splenosis (f; JLH); Stomatosis (2; PH2); Uterosis
(f; JLH); Water Retention (f; EFS; HHB).Dosages (European Larch) — 1–2 ml tincture 1:7 (HHB); 300 mg EO (HHB).Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (European Larch) — Not covered (AHP).
Commission E reports hypersensitivity to EOs, acute inflammation of respiratory tract (for
inhalation; adverse effects: allergic skin reactions) (AEH; KOM). “Hazards and/or side effects
not known for proper external therapeutic dosages” (PH2).