A
Sarcoma (f; JLH); Scabies (f; CEB); Side Ache (f; DEM); Sore (f; CEB); Sore Throat (f; HHB);
Stomatosis (f; DEM); Stone (f; PH2); Swelling (f; DEM); Tonsilosis (f; JLH; MAD); Tracheosis
(f; MAD); Tuberculosis (1; HHB); VD (f; MAD); Vertigo (f; CEB); Water Retention (f; MAD).
Dosages (American Liverleaf) — 100 g dry herb, 350 ml water, 450 ml alcohol (HHB); 4 tsp
(3.8 g) herb in cold extract (MAD); 2–4 g in tea as single dose (PH2); 2–8 ml liquid extract (PNC).
Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (American Liverleaf) — Class 2b. High doses
may irritate kidneys and urinary tract (AHP). “Hazards and/or side effects not recorded for proper
therapeutic dosages” (PH2).
AMERICAN PENNYROYAL
(Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers.) + (down from CRC)Synonym — Melissa pulegioides L.
Activities (American Pennyroyal) — Abortifacient (f; CRC); Allergenic (f; CRC); Analgesic (1;
CRC; DEM; FNF); Anesthetic (1; FNF); Antiinflammatory (1; FNF); Antipyretic (f; APA); Anti-
septic (1; FNF); Antispasmodic (1; CRC; FNF); Antitussive (f; CRC); Carminative (1; APA; CRC);
Decongestant (f; APA); Dermatitigenic (f; FAD); Diaphoretic (f; APA; CRC; FAD); Digestive (f;
APA); Diuretic (f; CRC); Emmenagogue (f; APA; CRC; FAD); Expectorant (f; APA; DEM; FAD);
Hepatotoxic (f; PHR); Insecticide (1; CRC); Insectifuge (2; APA; CRC; DEM); Myorelaxant (1;
CRC; FNF); Nervine (f; CRC); Sedative (1; FNF); Stimulant (f; APA; CRC).
Indications (American Pennyroyal) — Allergy (1; FNF); Amenorrhea (f; CRC); Bronchosis (1;
FNF); Burn (f; CRC); Cold (1; APA; CRC; FAD; FNF); Colic (1; APA; CRC); Conjunctivosis (f;
CRC); Cough (1; APA; DEM; FAD; FNF); Cramp (1; CRC; FNF); Dermatosis (f; APA); Dysentery
(f; DEM); Dysmenorrhea (f; APA; CRC; DEM); Dyspepsia (f; APA; DEM); Eczema (f; APA);
Enterosis (f; CRC); Fever (1; CRC; FAD; FNF); Flu (1; APA; FNF); Flux (f; DEM); Gastrosis (f;
CRC; DEM); Gout (f; CEB); Headache (f; APA; CRC; FAD); Hepatosis (f; CRC; FAD); Inflam-
mation (1;APA; FNF); Itch (f; CRC); Leukorrhea (f; CRC); Myosis (1; FNF); Nephrosis (f; DEM;
FAD); Ophthalmia (f; CRC); Pain (1; CRC; FNF); Pertussis (f; DEM); Pharyngosis (1; FNF);
Pneumonia (f; CRC); Rheumatism (1; CRC); Spasm (1; CRC; FNF); VD (f; CRC); Virus (1; FNF);
Wound (f; APA).
Dosages (American Pennyroyal) — Should not be taken (APA).
Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (American Pennyroyal) — Class 2b. Emme-
nagogue and uterotonic (AHP). In Canada, only allowed in food or beverage if pulegone-free
(AHP). Used as an emmenagogue and abortifacient. Pennyroyal oil is toxic and potentially fatal if
ingested. Symptoms include abdominal cramps, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, rash, dizziness,
and alternating lethargy and agitation, leading to kidney failure, massive hepatic necrosis, and
disseminated intravascular coagulation. Serious toxicity with the tea has not been reported. CNS
symptoms from ingesting pennyroyal-containing preparations include lethargy, agitation, dizziness,
sometimes leading to seizures and auditory and visual hallucinations. GI effects include nausea,
vomiting, burning in the throat, abdominal pain, and diarrhea (AEH1).
AMERICAN SOLOMON’S-SEAL
(Polygonatum biflorum (Walter) Elliot) ++Activities (American Solomon’s-Seal) — Analgesic (f; DEM); Antiinflammatory (f; FAD); Anti-
pyretic (f; CEB); Aphrodisiac (f; CEB); Astringent (f; CEB; FAD); Depurative (f; CEB); Emetic
(f; CEB); Laxative (f; CEB; DEM); Sedative (f; DEM); Tonic (f; DEM); Vulnerary (f; CEB).