L
Diarrhea (f; DAA); Diphtheria (f; WHO); Duodenosis (f; PH2); Dysmenorrhea (f; APA); Dys-
pepsia (1; CRC; SKY; WHO); Dyspnea (f; DAA); Dysuria (f; MAD); Earache (f; APA); Eczema
(1; SKY; WAM); Encephalosis (1; MAB); Enterosis (f; KAB; MPI); Epigastrosis (1; BGB; VVG);
Epilepsy (f; KAB; WHO; PH2); Fatigue (f; KAB); Fever (f; CRC; WBB); Fibromyalgia (f; SKY);
Flu (1; MAB; PH2; TAD); Fungus (1; PED); Gastrosis (2; CAN; DAA; FAD; FAY; PHR; PH2);
Hay Fever (1; WAM); Headache (f; PH2); Heartburn (SKY); Hemicrania (f; KAB); Hemophilia
(1; BGB); Hemoptysis (f; KAB); Hemorrhoid (f; DAA; WHO; VVG); Hepatitis C (1; MAB);
Hepatosis (2; APA; FAY; PHR; PH2; PNC); Herpes (1; AKT; APA; MAB; WAM); Hiccup (f;
KAB); HIV (1; MAB; TAD); Hoarseness (f; DEM; DEP; FAY; HHB); Hot Flash (1; AKT);
Hyperphagia (1; MAB); Hyperthyroid (f; DAA); Hysteria (f; FAY); IBD (1; WAM); Immunode-
pression (1; MAB; PED; PH2; VVG); Induration (f; JLH); Infection (1; FNF; PED); Inflammation
(1; DAA; DEP; MPI; PH2; SHT; WAM; WBB; VVG); Insomnia (f; DEP); Itch (f; VVG); Kidney
Stone (f; WHO); Laryngosis (f; DAA); Lichen planus (1; MAB); Low Blood Pressure (1; MBB;
PED; PH2); Lupus (SLE) (1; APA); Malaria (1; DAA; MAB); Malaise (f; FAY); Melanoma (f;
TAD); Mucososis (1; FAD; MAB); Mycosis (1; PED); Nausea (f; DAA; KAB); Nephrosis (1;
CAN; MAD); Nervousness (f; DEP); Neuropathy (1; CAN); Ophthalmia (f; KAB); Otosis (f;
KAB); Pain (1; DAA; KAB; KAP; MBB); Pemphigus (1; MPI); Pharyngosis (1; BGB; DAA);
PMS (1; WAM); Pneumonia (f; MAD); Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (1; BGB; MAB); Polyp (f;
JLH); Psoriasis (1; WAM); Pterygium (f; JLH); Respirosis (2; APA; DEP; KOM; PIP); Retinosis
(1; CAN); Rheumatism (1; FAY; WHO); Rhinosis (f; JLH); Senility (f; DAA); Shingles (1;
MAB); Snakebite (f; KAB; WHO); Sore (f; DAA; KAB); Sore Throat (1; APA; DAA; KAB;
PH2; SUW; WAM; WHO); Splenosis (1; DAA; FAY; MAD; PH2); Staphylococcus (1; FAY);
Sting (f; SUW); Stomatosis (f; MAB); Strangury (f; MAD); Sunburn (f; VVG); Swelling (f;
DAA); Tetanus (f; WHO); Thirst (f; CRC; DAA; DEP); Thrombosis (f; PH2); Trichomonas (1;
FAY); Tuberculosis (1; DAA; FAY; KAB; MAB; MAD; VVG; WBB; WHO); Tumor (1; MAB);
Ulcer (2; AKT; DAA; FAY; KOM; PED; PHR; PH2; PIP; WAM; WHO); Urethrosis (f; WBB);
Urogenitosis (f; DEP; HHB; SUW); UTI (1; MAB); Vaginosis (1; APA); Vertigo (f; BGB; WHO);
Viral Hepatitis (f; PHR); Virus (1; PHR; PH2; WAM; VVG); Voice (f; KAB); Water Retention
(f; CRC; FAY; KAB; WBB); Wound (f; KAB; PH2); Yeast (1; APA; PH2). Interpretation of
Commission E by Blumenthal et al. indicates the root for catarrh of the upper respiratory and
gastric/duodenal ulcers while interpretation by Gruenwald et al. indicates the root for bronchosis,
cough, and gastrosis.
Dosages (Licorice) — 2–4 tbsp fresh root (PED); 3–6 g dry root (PED); 4.5 g dry root:22 ml
alcohol/23 ml water (PED); 1–2 g root (but 5–15 g chopped root for ulcers) (APA); 1–4 g
root, or in tea, 3 ×/day (CAN); 1.5–9 g root (FAY); 2–4 g root (KAP); 1.5 (–5) g root/cup
(HHB); 5–10 g root/day (PNC; SKY); 5–15 g root/day = 200–600 mg glycyrrhizin (PH2);
0.6–2 g powdered root extract (PNC); 2–5 ml liquid root extract (PNC); 0.6–2 ml liquid root
extract (BPC; CAN); 2–5 ml root tincture 3 ×/day (SKY); 2–6 ml/day fluid extract (1:1)
(MAB); 1.2–2.4 g/day deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL) extract (MAB); 200–300 mg DGL
3 ×/day (SKY); 200–600 mg glycyrrhizin/day (JAD); 1–3 (315 mg) capsules (StX with 200
mg certified potency root extract with at least 50 mg glycyrrhizinic acid, synergistically
combined in a base of licorice root powder) 1–3 ×/day (NH); 5–15 g root/day corresponding
to 200–800 mg glycyrrhizin (WHO).
Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Licorice) — Class 2b, 2c, 2d. “Contraindi-
cated in heart disease, diabetics, hypertensives, hepatoses, and nephroses” (O’Brien, 1998). Com-
mission E reports contraindications: cholestatic liver diseases, liver cirrhosis, hypertension,
hypokalemia, severe renal insufficiency, and pregnancy. May potentiate thiazide diuretics, stimulant
laxatives, cardiac glycosides, and cortisol (AHP; WAM). Too much (>50 g/day) can raise the blood
pressure, cause sodium and water retention, and lower potassium levels too far. May result in
pseudoaldosterianism. Adverse effects reported in M30: amenorrhea, cardiac arrest, congestive