Psychology: A Self-Teaching Guide

266 Index

defensiveness, marriage instability,

187

deficiency motivation, hierarchy of

needs, 101

delusion

perception, 63

psychotic disorders, 221–223

delusional disorder, psychotic disor-

ders, 222–223

dementia of the Alzheimer’s type,

organic mental disorders,

225

dementia praecox, psychotic disor-

ders, 222

democratic style, parental style, 170

demonology, abnormal behavior,

225

demoralization, idealization-frustra-

tion-demoralization (IFD)

syndrome, 186

dendrite, neurons, 30

denial of reality, ego defense mecha-

nisms, 197–198

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), repro-

ductive biology, 156

dependent variable, experimental

method, 25

depersonalization disorder, dissocia-

tive disorders, 220

depolarization, neurons, 33

depression

biological viewpoint, 9

cognitive viewpoint, 10

extent of, 213

infantile, psychosocial develop-

ment, 161

melancholic personality, 193

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality

Inventory (MMPI), 207

mood disorders, 220–221

depth perception, 65–66

Descartes, René, 39, 121

description, psychology goals, 3

despair versus integrity, psychosocial

development, 162–163

developmental psychologist, defined,

13

developmental psychology, 153–173

defined, 154

Erikson’s theory, 160–163

Freudian theory, 157–160

Kohlberg’s theory, 166–168

parental style, 168–170

Piaget’s theory, 163–166

reproductive biology, 155–157

deviation, abnormal behavior, 214

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of

Mental Disorders(DSM-IV),

215–216

Dickens, Charles, 193

diffusion hypothesis, social psychol-

ogy, 256–257

discrimination, learning, 76

discrimination stimulus, operant con-

ditioning, 80

disjunctive concept, thinking, 123

disorganized type schizophrenia, psy-

chotic disorders, 222

dissociative disorders, 219–220

dissociative identity disorder (DID),

219–220

divergent thinking, creative thinking,

131–132

divorce, romantic love, 186

dominance, need for, acquired

motives, 97

dopamine

neurotransmitters, 32–33

schizophrenia, 225

double approach-avoidance conflict,

116–117

double bind, conflict, 115

Down’s syndrome, 9, 155

dream analysis, psychodynamic ther-

apy, 234

drive reduction theory, 93

drives. Seebiological drives; forces

drug therapy, described, 233,

241–243

dyspareunia, sexual dysfunction,

180

dysthymia, mood disorders, 220

ear

hearing, 50

semicircular canals, balance, 54

ear drum, hearing, 50

eclecticism, viewpoints, 11

ectoderm, reproductive biology, 156

ectomorph, personality theory, 194

Edison, Thomas Alva, 131–132

efferent nerves, function of, 33

ego

Freudian personality theory, 196,

197

psychoanalysis, 8

egocentrism, cognitive development,

165

ego defense mechanisms, Freudian

personality theory, 197–199.

See alsodefense mechanisms

ego ideal, Freudian personality the-

ory, 197

Einstein, Albert, 21, 132

Electra complex, psychosexual devel-

opment, 159

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), 241

electromagnetic spectrum, vision,

47–48

electromagnetic wave, vision, 47

Ellis, Albert, 238, 239

embryo, reproductive biology, 156

emergent needs, hierarchy of needs,

101

emotion, 107–119

appeal to, persuasion, 253

conflict, 114–117

defined, 108–110

endocrine system, 39–41

stress and health, 112–114

theories of, 110–112

emotional states, behavior, psychol-

ogy definition, 2

empathy, client-centered therapy, 236

empiricism, scientific method, 18

encoding, memory, 85

encounter groups, group therapy,

240

end foot, neurons, 31

endocrine system

biological drives, 93

function of, 37, 39–41

endoderm, reproductive biology, 156

endomorph, personality theory, 194

environment

heredity and, intelligence,

147–150

intelligence, 138

epilepsy, 241

epinephrine, function of, 40–41

epistemology, 163

erectile disorder, male sexual dys-

function, 179

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