Psychology: A Self-Teaching Guide

philosophy

epistemology, 163

humanistic viewpoint, 11

psychology definition, 2–3, 4

scientific method, 18

phlegm, humors, type-trait theories,

193

phlegmatic personality, 193

phobic disorders, anxiety disorders,

217

photons, vision, 47

photoreceptors, vision, 48

physical appearance, interpersonal

attraction, 249

physiological needs, hierarchy of

needs, 100

physiological psychologist, defined,

13

physiology, 4

Piaget, Jean, 163–166

pineal gland, function of, 39–40

pitch, hearing, 50

pituitary gland, function of, 37, 40

plateau, sexual response cycle, 176

Plato, 2, 166

pleasure

limbic system, 38

orgasm, 176

pleasure principle, Freudian personal-

ity theory, 196

pons, function of, 36

Ponzo illusion, perception, 64–65

population, survey method, 21

positive correlation, correlational

method, 23

positive exemplar, thinking, 123

positive goals, conflict, 115

positive mood, 220

positive reinforcer, operant condi-

tioning, 78

positive transference, psychodynamic

therapy, 234

post-traumatic stress disorder

(PTSD), anxiety disorders,

217, 240

potential, intelligence, 147

power orientation, moral develop-

ment, 167

precognition, extrasensory percep-

tion, 67

predicate thinking (paleological

thought), logical thinking,

129

prediction, psychology goals, 3

premature ejaculation, male sexual

dysfunction, 179

premoral level, moral development,

167

preoperational stage, cognitive devel-

opment, 164–165

pressure, touch sensation, 52

primary reinforcer, operant condi-

tioning, 79

principled level, moral development,

168

proactive behavioral process, person-

ality, 204

problem definition, thinking, 126

problem solving, thinking,

124–128

productive thinking, creative think-

ing, 132

productivity, creative thinking, 133

projection, ego defense mechanisms,

198

projective tests

Rorschach test, 205–206

Thematic Apperception Test

(TAT), 206

proprioception, sensation, 53

prosocial behavior

learning, consciousness and, 82

social psychology, 254

proximity, perception, 60

Prozac, 32

pseudoneurological symptoms, con-

version disorder, 218–219

psi powers, extrasensory perception,

68

psychasthenia, Minnesota Multipha-

sic Personality Inventory

(MMPI), 208

psyche, psychology definition, 2–3

psychiatry, defined, 12

psychoanalysis

classical schools, 7–8

psychodynamic viewpoint, 10

psychodynamic theories, personality,

196–202

psychodynamic therapy, 233–235

psychodynamic viewpoint

abnormal behavior, 225–226

behavior, 10

psychogenic amnesia, dissociative dis-

orders, 219

psychogenic fugue, dissociative disor-

ders, 219

psychokinesis, extrasensory percep-

tion, 67–68

psychological aspect, emotion, 110

psychological conflict, 114–115

psychological incest, sexual variance,

182

psychologically based therapies,

described, 232

psychological testing. See alsoperson-

ality tests

defined, 12

intelligence, 139–140 (See also

intelligence)

personality tests, 205–208

research methods, 22–23

psychological world, perception, 58

psychology foundations, 1–16

behavior, 8–11

classical schools of, 4–8

behaviorism, 7

functionalism, 5–6

Gestalt psychology, 6–7

psychoanalysis, 7–8

structuralism, 4–5

defined

historical perspective, 2–4

modern, 2

fields, 12–13

goals of, 3–4

psychopathic deviation, Minnesota

Multiphasic Personality

Inventory (MMPI), 208

psychosexual development, Freudian

theory, 157–160

psychosocial development, develop-

mental psychology, 160–163

psychosocial problems, mental disor-

der classification, 216

psychotherapy

defined, 12

process of, 232

psychotic disorders, abnormal psy-

chology, 221–223

272 Index

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