PHOTO/ILLUSTRATION CREDITS

© Vance Vredenburg
© Michael & Patricia Fogden/Minden Pictures
adapted from David M. Raup and J. John Sepkoski Jr./Science 215 (1982), 1502
Paul D. Stewart/Science Source
Reproduction by permission of the Rare Book Room, Buffalo and Erie County Public
Library, Buffalo, New York
The Granger Collection, New York
© The British Library Board, 39.i.15 pl.1
Hulton Archive/Getty Images
© Natural History Museum, London/Mary Evans Picture Library
Matthew Kleiner
Natural History Museum/Science Source
Elizabeth Kolbert
© ER Degginger/Science Source
adapted from John Phillips’s Life on Earth
Detlev van Ravenswaay/Science Source
NASA/GSFC/DLR/ASU/Science Source
Used with permission from the Paleontological Society
John Scott/E+/Getty Images
British and Irish Graptolite Group
EMR Wood/Palaeontolographical Society
John Kleiner
Steve Gschmeissner/Science Source
© Gary Bell/OceanwideImages.com
Nancy Sefton/Science Source
David Doubilet/National Geographic/Getty Images
© Miles R. Silman
© William Farfan Rios
© Miles Silman
The Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project
© Konrad Wothe/Minden Pictures
© Philip C. Stouffer
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service/Science Source