Environmental Engineering FOURTH EDITION

124 ENVIRONMENT' ENGINEERING

2

40,000 -

30,000 -

20.000 -

10,oooy

8,000 =

6,000 -

5,000 -

h~=ho+K- V2 =20+24 (&) = 29.2 ft.

2g

-0

Wo pipes, two systems of pipes, or a single pipe and a system of pipes are said to
be equivalent when their losses of head for equal rates of flow are equal (or flow is equal
for equal loss of head). Compound pipes, whether in parallel or in series (Fig. 6-12),

60 :

48 -

36-

30-

24-

20-

18-

16-

14-

12-

10-

8-

6-

5-

4-

3% -

3-

2% -

2-

1% -

54 :

42y

1-

Q

ui

-c

'E

6

.c

5

-E

.-

.g

l,OooI E

800: -

600 -

500 -

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

1.5

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10

15

20

25

-- 1s -

:((I -cR

-c .-

5

vc

200 y

1001

80:

• 
  


• 
  

  60 -
  50 -

  
  

H

500 :

400 -

300 1

60

50 -

40 -

30 -

0.04

0.03

0.02

0.006

0.005

Figure 6-11. Hazen-Williams equation nomograph, English and metric units.