AUTOTROPHICbacteria. It catalyzes the synthesis of 3-
phospho-D-glycerate from ribulose bisphosphate and
also the oxidation of ribulose bisphosphate by O 2 to3-
phospho-D-glycerate and 2-phosphoglycolate.
Richards, Dickinson Woodruff, Jr.(1895–1973)
AmericanPhysiologist Dickinson Woodruff Richards
Jr. was born on October 30, 1895, in Orange, New
Jersey, to Dickinson W. Richards, a New York lawyer,
and Sally Lambert. He was educated at the Hotchkiss
School in Connecticut, and in 1913 he went to Yale
University to study English and Greek. In June 1917 he
was awarded a B.A. After a period as instructor in
artillery during 1917–18, he served as an artillery offi-
cer in France.
After the war, he attended Columbia University
College of Physicians and Surgeons, receiving an M.A.
in physiology in 1922 and an M.D. in 1923. From
1923 to 1927 he was on the staff of the Presbyterian
Hospital, New York, followed by a year at the Nation-
al Institute for Medical Research, London, under Sir
Henry DALE, working on the control of the circulation
in the liver.
In 1931 Richards collaborated with André COUR-
NANDat Bellevue Hospital, New York, and in 1940
he developed a technique for catheterization of the
heart, along with later studies of traumatic shock, the
diagnosis of congenital heart diseases, the physiology
of heart failure, measurement of the actions of car-
diac drugs, and various forms of dysfunction in
chronic cardiac and pulmonary diseases and their
treatment. He was awarded, together with André
Cournand and Werner FORSSMANN, the 1956 Nobel
Prize in physiology or medicine for his work on
catheterization.Richards, Dickinson Woodruff, Jr. 295[ribosomal proteins, ribosomal RNA (rRNA)]rough endoplasmic reticulumRibosomes are the cellular organelles that are the sites of protein synthesis.(Courtesy of Darryl Leja, NHGRI, National Institutes of Health)