Ambrosia (ragweed) 77–78,
285
amicyanin 13
amines 15
amino acid 13–14, 14
amino acid residue 14–15
amino acid symbols 15
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases
(aaRSs) 15
amino group (–NH 2 ) 15
amniocentesis 16
amnion 16
amniotes 16
amniotic eggs 16
amoeba 279
amoebic dysentery
(Entamoeba histolytica)
16,103, 279
amphibian 16–17
amphipathic molecule 17
amphoteric 14
ampullary organ 196
amu (dalton; atomic mass
unit) 89
anabolism 17
anaerobic 17, 17
anagenesis 17
analog 17
analogy 17–18
anaphase 215, 219, 223
anaphylaxis 56, 89, 296, 306
Anapsida 331
anastomosis 54
anation 18
anatomy 199
ancestral character 270
Ancylostomatidae 166
androgen 18
androgynous 18
androsterone 18
anemia 18,72, 222, 236,
348
aneuploidy 18,19, 67
Angelman syndrome 91
angiosperm (Angiospermae)
18–20, 20
angiotensin 184
anhydrobiosis 321
Animalia 188
anion 20
anisotropy 20
annual 20
Anopheles punctipennis 227
Anophelessp. 197
Anoplurorida 204
ANS (autonomic nervous
system) 31
ansa nephroni 209
antagonist 20
anterior 20
anther 20
antheridium 20
Anthocerophyta (hornworts)
50
anthrax (Bacillus anthracis)
20, 189
anthropoid 274
anti 20
antibiotics 20,62, 132, 346
antibody (immunoglobulin)
20–21,21,46, 86, 173
anticoagulant 164
anticodon 22
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
22
antiferromagnetic 126
antigenic determinant
(epitope) 118
antigens 22, 46
antihistamine 164
antimetabolite 22
antisense molecule 22, 23
Anura (Salientia) 16–17
aorta 157
aortic valve 339
Aphonopelmaspp. 321
aphotic zone 22
apical dominance 23
apical meristem 23
aplacental mammals 213
Apoda (Gymnophiona)
16–17
apomixis 23
apomorphic character 23, 270
apoplast 23
apoplastic transport 23
apoprotein 23
apoptosis 23–24, 24
aposematic coloration 24–25
aquaporins (AQPs) 25
aquation 25
aqueous solutions 25
Arachnida 48, 297,311, 321
Archaea 25
archaezoa 25–26
archegonium 26
archenteron 26
Archeophyta 13
archipelagos 26
Argassp. 289
argon-40 284
Ariëns, E. J. 179–180
Aristotle 26–27, 341
Arrhenius, Svante August
27–28
artefactual pleiotropy 270
Artemisiaspp. 79
arteriosclerosis 28
artery 28,29, 52
arthritis 28
Arthropoda 28,29,76, 86,
105, 204, 239
artificial selection 28–29
asci (ascus) 29
Ascomycota 8–9, 29
ascospore 29
ASCUS 29
asexual reproduction 29, 339assimilation 30
assimilation efficiency 106
assimilative 30
assimilator 30
assimilatory nitrite reductase
244
associative learning (classical
conditioning, trial-and-
error learning) 30,69,
254, 261
assortative mating 30
Asteraceae (Compositae) 77,
77–79
asthma 122
astigmatism 30, 153
astrocyte 148
asymmetric carbon 30
asymmetric synthesis 30
asymmetry parameter 30
A-term 212
atherosclerosis 28
atomic mass unit (dalton,
amu) 89
atomic number 30
atomic weight/mass 30
atopic dermatitis 286
ATP 4, 30
ATP synthase (proton
translocating ATPase)
30–31
atria (atrium) 31, 157
atrioventricular valve 31
attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD) 169
attenuated vaccine 337
audiometer 37
auranofin (gold drug) 150
aurora borealis 28
autacoid 31
autogenesis model
(spontaneous generation,
abiogenesis) 31
autoimmune disease 31
autonomic nervous system
(ANS) 31
autophytic 31
autopolyploid 32
autoreceptor 32
autosome 32
autotroph 32
auxins 32
auxotroph 32
Aves 32
Avogadro’s number 224
axillary bud 32
axon 32, 243
axoneme 68
azurin 32B
Bacillariophyceae (diatoms)
9, 95
Bacillus anthracis20, 189Bacillus cereus 123
bacteria (bacterium) 33, 33
bacteriochlorin (7,8,17,18-
tetrahydroporphyrin)
33–34
bacteriochlorophyll 64
bacteriology 244
bacteriophage (phage) 143,
264
bacterium 33, 33
balanced polymorphism 34
balanced translocation 328
banding procedures 67
Banting, Frederick Grant 34
Bárány, Robert 34
Barbour, James G. 202, 230
barchan 35
bark (periderm) 35, 263
barley stem rust 300
Barr body 35
Bartonellaspp. 329
basal body (kenetosome) 35
basal body temperature (BBT)
35
basal metabolic rate (BMR)
35
base 35–36, 267
basement membrane 36
base pairing 36, 66
base-pair substitution 36
basicity constant. Seeacidity
constant
basidiomycetes 36
basidium (basidia) 36
basophil 199
Batesian mimicry 36,37, 53,
221, 221
bathyal zone 36
bats 105
BBB (blood-brain barrier) 43,
107, 114
BBT (basal body temperature)
35
B cells 37,210, 269
beetles (Coleoptera) 75
behavioral ecology 37
Békésy, Georgvon 37
benign prostatic hyperplasia
170–171
benthic zone 37
benzidine 45
beringia 37
Bernstein, Julius 93
berry 37
Best, Charles 34
beta pleated sheet 269–270
beta sheet 37–38
beta strand 38
beta turn 38
biennial 38
bifunctional ligand 38
bilateral symmetry 38
bilateria 38, 120
binary fission 38,38, 130384 Index