binding constant. See
stability constant
binding sites 38
binomial (binomial name)
38–39
binuclear 39
bioassay 39
bioavailability 39
biocatalyst 39
biochemical cycles 379–380
bioconjugate 39
biocontrol 158
bioconversion 39
biodiversity 39,48, 310
bioenergetics 39
biofacies 39
biogeochemical cycles 39–40,
40,379–380
biogeographic boundary 40
biogeography 40
bioleaching 40
biological clock 40, 267
biological control 40
biological magnification 40
biological species 40
bioluminescence 40, 209
biomass 40
biome 41
biomembrane 41
biomimetic 41
biomineralization 41
biopolymers 41
bioprecursor prodrug 41–42
biosensor 42
biosphere 42
biotechnology 42
biotic 42
biotransformation 42
birds (Aves) 32
birth defects 67–68
Biston betularia 97
bivalirudin 164
bivalves 42
Black Death (bubonic plague)
50
black reaction 150
blastocoel 42
blastocyst 42,42, 176
blastomere 110
blastopore 42
blastula 43
Blattidae (cockroach) 72
bleomycin (BLM) 43
blepharoplast 187
BLM (bleomycin) 43
blood 43,43, 320
blood-brain barrier (BBB) 43,
107, 114
blood clotting 160, 160
blood eosinophilia 116
blood groups 1, 196
“Blood Identification through
the Ages” (Brenner,
Xythalis) 44,44–47
blood pressure 47,95, 306
blood vessel 28, 29, 52, 339
blotting 47
blue copper protein 47–48
blue lupine (Lupinus
perennis) 111
BMR (basal metabolic rate)
35
Bombycidae 200–202
bond energy 48
bone imaging 48
book lungs 48
Bordet, Jules 48
boreal forest 321
Borreliaspp. 289, 312
bottleneck effect 48
Bovet, Daniels 48–49
Bowman’s capsule 49
brachyptery 49
brain imaging 49
brain stem 49–50, 50
brain ventricles 339
branching evolution
(cladistics) 69
Branchiopoda 86
breathing roots
(pneumatophor) 270
Brenner, John C. 47
bridging ligand 50
Brier, Bob 233
bristle cone pine 81
bronchi 50, 209
bronchiole 50, 209
Brønsted acid 50
Brønsted base 50
Brooklynella hostilis (slime-
blotch disease) 115
Brownian movement 50
bryophytes 20, 26, 50
B-term 212
bubonic plague (Black Death)
50
budding 50
buffer 50
bugs 162
bulk flow (pressure flow) 50
Burnett theory 71
butterflies 164, 199
butterfly wing 200, 230C
C3 plants 51
C4 plants 51
CADD 80
cage 51
Calcarea 260
calcitonin 51, 326
calmodulin 51
calorie 51
calpain 51
Calvin cycle 51
CAM (crassulacean acid
metabolism) 51–52camalexin 267
Cambrian explosion 52
cAMP (cyclic AMP) 5, 87,
318
Canadian shield 52
cancer 52,53, 68, 69, 128,
254
canopic jars 233–234
CAP (catabolite activator
protein) 56
capillary 52, 192
capsid 52
capsidae (capsid bugs) 52
carbohydrate 52
carbohydrate metabolism
211
carbon-14 284
carbon cycle 40,379, 379
carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) 27–28,
52, 152
carbon fixation 52
carbonic anhydrase 52
Carboniferous period 52
carbon monoxide (CO) 52
carbon monoxide
dehydrogenases 52–53
carbonyl group 53
carboplatin 53
carboxyl group 53
carcinogen 53
cardiac catheterization 84,
133–134
cardiac muscle 53
cardiac output 53
cardiotech 53
cardiovascular system 53
carnivores 53,53,303, 323
carotenoids 53–54
carpal bones 54
carpal tunnel 54
carpel 54
Carrel, Alexis 54
carrier 54
carrier-linked prodrug 54
carrying capacity 55
cartilage 55, 55
cascade prodrug 56
casparian strip 56
Caspersson, Torbjorn O. 67
caste 56
catabolic pathway 56
catabolism 56
catabolite activator protein
(CAP) 56
catalase 56
catalsyt 56
catalytic antibody (abzyme)
56
catecholamine 56
caterpillar 200–202, 221,
228–230
Caterpillars and Their Moths
(Eliot, Soule) 228
cation 56cation exchange 57
catkin 57
Caucasian 57
caudal 57
C-banding 67
CBS(colloidal bismuth
subcitrate). SeeDe-nol
CD(circular dichroism) 69,
211–212
CD (clusters of
differentiation) 71
CD4 cell (helper T cell)
71–72, 159, 322
CD8 cell (suppressor T cell)
72, 317, 322
cDNA (complementary DNA)
76–77
cecidozoa 137
celiac disease (celiac sprue)
57
cell 57,60, 166
cell center (centrosome) 57,
60
cell chemistry 190–191
cell cycle 57
cell-cycle phases 57
cell division 57
cell fractionation 57
cell-mediated immunity
(CMI) 58
cell membrane 58
cell plate 59
cell respiration 320
cellular differentiation 59
cellular immunity (cell-
mediated immunity) 58
cellular respiration 59, 59
cellulose 59
cell wall 59, 60
Celsius, Anders 59–60
Celsius scale 60
Cenozoic era 60
centigrade thermometers
59–60
centipedes 238–239
central atom 60
central nervous system (CNS)
31, 60
centrioles 58,60, 219
centromere60,61, 66, 219
centrosome (cell center) 60
cephalization 38
Cephaloaspidormorphi
(lampreys) 6
Cephalocarida 86
cephalochordate 61, 340
cerebellum 50, 61
cerebral angiography 225
cerebral cortex 50, 61,61–62
cerebrum 50, 62
ceruloplasmin 62
Cestoda 159, 321
CGH (comparative genomic
hybridization) 68Index 385