osmotic pressure 256
Osteichthyes 256
osteoarthritis 55
osteoblast 128
osteon (Haversian system)
157
osteoporosis 256
ostracoderm 256
ostracods 256
otolith 334, 335
outgroup 256
ovarian cycle 256
ovary 256
overdominance (heterozygote
advantage) 162–163
oviduct 256
oviparous 256
ovotransferrin 256
ovoviviparous 256
ovulation 257
ovule 257
ovum 257
oxidase 257
oxidation 257
oxidation enzymes 324–325
oxidation number 257
oxidation-reduction 288
oxidative addition 257
oxidative phosphorylation
257
oxidizing agent 257
oxidoreductase 257
oxygen 258
oxygen cycle 379, 379
oxygen-evolving complex
(OEC) 258
oxytocin (OT) 243
Ozark fragments 195
ozone (O 3 ) 258
ozone layer 258
P
pacemaker 259
Pacinian corpuscle 305
paedogenesis 259
paedomorphosis 162, 259
PAF (platelet-activating
factor) 269
paleontology 259
palisade parenchyma 260
Pangaea 81, 259, 347
panicle 175, 176
Papilio troilus 221
papillomavirus 169
parallel venation 198
paramagnetic contribution
212
Paramecium caudatum 65
paranasal sinus 307
paraphyletic 259
parasite 259
parasitism 259
parasitoid 170, 260
parasympathetic division 31,
89, 260
parathyroid glands 260
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
260
parathyroidism 260
Parazoa 260
parenchyma 152, 260
parietal lobe 62
parsimonious pleiotropy 270
parthenogenesis 260
partial agonist 260
partial pressure 260
passive transport (diffusion)
260
Pasteurella tularensis 331
pattern formation 261
pattern recognition 261
Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich 261
PCBs (polychlorinated
biphenyls) 40
PCR (polymerase chain
reaction) 47, 272, 272
PDGF (platelet-derived
growth factor) 153
pedigree 262, 262
pedipalp 311
pelagic zone 262
pelvis 308, 340
penicillin 20, 62, 131, 132
peppered moth (Biston
betularia) 97
peptide bond 262, 263
peptidoglycan 262
peptidomimetic 262
peptoid 262
peramorphosis 162
perception 263
perennial 263
perfusion 210
perichondrium 55
pericycle 263
periderm 263
periodic table of the elements
377
peripheral isolates 11–12
peripheral nervous system
(PNS) 31, 263–264
periplasm 264
peristalsis 264
permafrost 331
permease 260
pernicious anemia 222, 236
Peroceras reticulatum 308
peroxidase 264
peroxisome 264
persistent radical 312
petiole 264
Petrified Sea Gardens (New
York) 315
Pfeiffer’s rule 264
PG (prostaglandin) 276
PGA (phosphoglyceric acid)
51PGAL
(phosphoglyceraldehyde)
51
Phaeophyceae (brown algae)
9
phage (bacteriophage) 143,
264
phagocyte 264
phagocytosis 264, 264
pharmacokinetics 264
pharmacophore 264–265
pharmacophoric descriptors
265
pharynx 265
phaseollin 267
phasic receptor 304–305
phenetics (numerical
taxonomy) 265
phenolphthalein 45
phenotype 265
phenotypic plasticity 195
pheromone 265
phloem 265, 314
phosphatase 265
phosphate group 265
phosphatide acylhydrolase
265–266
phosphoglyceraldehyde
(PGAL) 51
phosphoglyceric acid (PGA)
51
phospholipase A (phosphatide
acylhydrolase) 265–266
phospholipases 266
phospholipids 266
phosphoprotein phosphatase
(protein phosphatase) 278
phosphorus cycle 380, 380
phosphorylation 266
photic zone 266
photoautotroph 32, 266
photoheterotroph 266
photoluminescence 209
photolysis 266
photon 266
photoperiodism 209, 266
photophosphorylation 266
photorespiration 266
photosynthesis 247, 266
photosystem 247, 267
phototropism 267
pH scale 267
phyletic evolution
(anagenesis) 17
Phyllobates terribilis 16
phylogeny 267
phylum 267
physical map 142
physiology 261
phytoalexin 267
phytochelatin 267
phytochrome 267
phytoplankton 268
picket-fence porphyrin 267Pick’s disease 129
Pieris virginiensis(Virginia
white butterfly) 158
piles (hemorrhoids) 160
pilus 267
pineal gland 267–268
Pingvellir (Iceland) 81
pinna 55
pinocytolic vesicle 60
pinocytosis 268
pisatin 267
pith 152, 268
pituitary gland 167, 243, 268
placebo 268
placenta 268
placental mammal 120, 213,
268
placental mammals 213
placoderm 268
plain ringlet butterfly
(Coenonympha tullia) 158
plankton 268
plant glands 147
plant hormones 202–203
plant kingdom 338
planula 268
plasma 269
plasma cell 269
plasma membrane 113, 269
plasma osmolarity 22
plasmid 269, 300
plasmodesma 60, 269
Plasmodium falciparum
(malaria) 197, 212,299,
345
plasmogamy 127, 269
plasmolysis 269
plastid 269
plastocyanin 269
platelet (thrombocyte) 43,
269
platelet-activating factor
(PAF) 269
platelet-derived growth factor
(PDGF) 153
plate tectonics (continental
drift) 81, 151
Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
130–131, 132
pleated sheet (beta pleated
sheet) 269–270
plectostele 314
pleiotropy 270
plesiomorphic character 270
pluripotent stem cell 270
PMN (polymorphonuclear
leukocyte) 272
pneumatophor 270
pocosin 270
poikilotherm 270
point mutation 222, 270
poison plants (poison ivy;
poison oak; poison sumac)
270–271, 286Index 395