polar covalent bond 271
polar molecule 271
polio 113, 298, 348
pollen 271
pollen allergy 77–79, 271,
285
pollination 86, 271, 304
polyandry 271
polychaete 93
polychaetes 93
polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs) 40
Polyctenidae 162
polydentate Seechelation;
donor atom symbol
polygenic character
(quantitative character )
281
polygenic inheritance 272,
281
polygyny 272
polyhedral symbol 272
polymer 226, 272
polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) 47, 272, 272
polymorphic 272
polymorphic enzyme 46
polymorphism 34, 272, 292
polymorphonuclear leukocyte
(PMN) 116, 272
polyp 273
polypeptide 273, 281
polyphyletic 273
polyploidy 273
polyps 214
polyribosome 273
polysaccharide 273
polysome (polyribosome)
273
polyunsaturated fatty acids
333
population 273
population viability analysis
(PVA) 273
porins 273
porphyrin 273
porta hepatis 161
Porter, Gene Stratton 228
positional information 273
positive cooperativity 82
positive feedback 273
positive geotropism 145
postsynaptic membrane 273
postzygotic barrier 273
potassium-argon dating 284
potency 274
potential energy 274
power saturation 274
Prader-Willi syndrome 91
prairie dogs 83
preadaptation Seeexaptation
precession 85
precipitin test 45
predator 186–187, 274
predisposition, genetic 274
prefrontal leucotomy 225
presbyopia (farsightedness)
125
pressure 260
pressure flow (bulk flow) 50
presynaptic membrane 273
prevalence 274
prezygotic barrier 274
primary consumer 274
primary germ layers 274
primary growth 274
primary immune response
274
primary meristem tissues 152
primary producer 274
primary productivity 274
primary prophylaxis 276
primary structure 274,277,
281
primary succession 274
primate 274
primer 274
primordial germ cells 275
principle of allocation 275
prion 275
probability 275
procambium 152, 275
prodrug 275
prognosis 275
programmed cell death
23–24, 24
prokaryote 275
prolactin 268
promoter 275
propagules 29
prophage 275
prophase 215, 219, 223, 276
prophylaxis 276
proprioreceptor 276
pro-prodrug (double prodrug)
101
prosimian 274
prostaglandin (PG) 276
prosthesis 235, 235
prosthetic group 276
prostrate (decumbent) 90
protandrous hermaphroditism
161
proteasome 276, 276
protective coloration 221
protein 141,276,277, 281
protein kinase 276, 278
protein machines 278
protein phosphatase 278
protein systhesis 218
proteoglycan 278
protist Seeprotozoan
Protoctista 8–10
protoderm152, 278
protogynous
hermaphroditism 161
proton 278
protonephridium 278proton motive force 278
proton pump 278
proton translocating ATPase
(ATP synthase) 30–31
proto-oncogene 278
protoplasm 278
protoplast 278
protoporphyrin IX 278
protostome 42, 95, 278–279,
312
protozoan 197, 213, 264,
279, 279
provirus 279
proxima straight tubule 209
proximate causation 279
pseudocatalase 56
pseudocoelomate 279
pseudopodium 279
psychosurgery 225
Pteridophyta (ferns) 13, 20
pterin 280
PtKs (tyrosine kinase) 332
Puccinia graminis 300
pulsed ENDOR 109
punctuated equilibrium 280
pupa 280
PVA (population viability
analysis) 273
pyrogen (endotoxin) 115Q
quadruped 281
quantitative character 281
quantum evolution 281
quarantine 281
quasisocial 281
Quaternaryperiod 281
quaternary structure 277, 281
Quatracienagas Dunes
(Mexico) 41
queen 281
queen mandibular pheromone
293
queenright 281
queen substance 282
quiescent center 282
quinicrine 67R
RAAS 8
racemate 283
raceme 175,176, 283
racemic 283
racemose inflorescence 175,
175–176
radial cleavage 283
radial symmetry3, 283
Radiata 120, 283
radiation 231, 283
radical 283, 312
radical anion 283
radical cation 283radicle 283
radioactive decay 284
radioactive isotope 182,
283–284
radiocarbon dating 284
radiometric dating 284–285
radionuclide 285
radius 308
ragweed (Ambrosia) 77–78,
285
rain forest 285, 330
Raman spectroscopy 292
Ramón y Cajal, Santiago 150
random dispersion 98
Raphus cucullatus(dodo) 99
rash (dermatitis) 285–286
rate-controlling step 286
Réaumur, René-Antoine
Ferchault de 286–287
Réaumur scale 286
Réaumur’s thermal constant
of phenology 287
recapitulation 287
receptor 287
receptor mapping 287
receptor-mediated endocytosis
287
receptor potential 287
recessive allele 287, 288
recessive disorder 287
reciprocal altruism 287–288
reciprocal translocation 328
recognition species concept
288
recombinant 288
recombinant DNA 140, 288
recombinant DNA technology
288
recombination (crossing over)
86
red blood cell (erythrocyte)
43,48, 118, 160
red-light-sensitive system
(phytochrome) 267
redox potential 288
redox reaction 288
red pulp 312
reducing agent 288
reductase Seeoxidoreductase
reduction 257, 289
reductive elimination 289
reductive speciation 289
reflex 289
refractory period 289
regulation 289
regulative development 289
Reich, Wilhelm 39
Reichstein, Tadeus 161, 289
relapsing fever 289
relative configuration 289
relative fitness 289–290
relative refractory period 289
relaxation 290
releaser 290396 Index