Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology

situations. Therefore, most studies of salinity effects refer to NaCl salinity as a model system, although ef- fects of all ions ...

The proton gradient provides energy for extrusion of Na from the cytoplasm by an H/Na an- tiport; this site is reported to have ...

Vacuoles play an important role in maintaining stable levels of various inorganic ions in the cyto- plasm by acting as a storage ...

in using Na as an osmoticum instead of K and in providing a source of stored K under salinization rather than as part of a selec ...

xylem is greater than the rate of accumulation of these ions in leaf cells [79]. Thus arguments that plants have adjusted osmoti ...

F. Role of Transpiration Shoot ion concentrations are a product of transpiration rate, xylem ion concentrations, and growth rate ...

the shoot. Certain morphological features, such as increased width or early development of casparian strips [100] or formation o ...

GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF SALINITY TOLERANCE IN CROP PLANTS 865 TABLE 1 Types of Compatible Solutes That Could Accumulate Under Sal ...

The total quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) in the leaf tissue in wheat species (Triticum aestivumandT.durum) shows a high po ...

C. Role in Protecting Enzymes Against Monovalent Cations Apart from the purpose of osmoregulation, organic solutes can accumulat ...

Although organic-compatible solutes may ameliorate some of the effects of accumulated ions, it seems that ion compartmentation i ...

various metabolic functions of the plants. As Munns et al. [45] pointed out, most of this information de- scribes only the conse ...

to have evolved a variety of mechanisms that contribute to yielding ability under those conditions. For in- stance,T.aestivum,Se ...

The underlying philosophy is that, although different genotypes may show the same level of toler- ance to salinity, they could a ...

An analogy can be drawn from disease resistance breeding. In breeding for disease resistance horizontal resistance (which can be ...

Various steps are involved in this kind of approach: Define the various physiological traits having functional significance in ...

mosome complement [154]. Each gene of a polygenic system may contribute only a small amount to the trait of interest. Clear domi ...

REFERENCES DH Jennings. The effects of sodium chloride on higher plants. Biol Rev 51:453–486, 1976. EP Glenn, J Jed Brown, E Bl ...

RG Wyn Jones, CJ Brady, J Speirs. Ionic and osmotic relations in plant cells, In: DL Laidman, RG Wyn Jones, eds. Recent Advance ...

JG Johansen, JM Cheeseman. Uptake and distribution of sodium and potassium by corn seedlings. II. Ion trans- port within the me ...