Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology

GERMINATION AND EMERGENCE 105

Q. phellos

(B)

Willow oak

Q. robur

(W)

English oak

Q. rubra

(B)

Red oak

Q. shumardii

(B)

Shumard oak

Q. velutina

(B)

Black oak

Q. virginiana

(W)

Live oakFagaceae

Rhamnus frangula

BuckthornRhamnaceae

Rhododendron maximumR. catawbiense

RhododendronEricaceae

Ribes alpinum

Alpine currantSaxifragaceae

Robinia pseudoacacia

Black locustFabaceae

Rosa caninaR. multifloraR. rugosa

RoseRosaceae

DT DT DT DT DT DT DS ESES ES DT DSDSDS

Aug.–Dec.Aug.–Dec.Aug.–Dec.Aug.–Dec.Aug.–Dec.Aug.–Dec.July–Oct.Sept.–Oct.July–Oct. June–JulyAug.–winterSept.–Oct.Sept.–Oct.Sept.–Oct.

2 

years at1–5°C

2 years at room

temp. and4–9% moisturecontent

Up to 10 years at

1–5°C

2–4 years at

1–5°C

H

SO 2

4

20 min

Nick with a file

or 10–120 minin H

SO 2

4

45 min H

SO 2

4

instead ofwarmstratification.

3–53–53–5

1–2 None1–2 1–2 1–2 None 2–3 NoneNone 3–6^333

Collect seeds as soon as ripe

before removal by birds.

Collect seeds as soon as cap-

sules begin to turn brownand before they open.Light is required for ger-mination.

Macerate fruit in water to

remove fleshy pulp.

Collect fruits before pods

split open and seeds aredispersed. Seeds are large.

Collect seeds fresh for best

results. Hips should bejust turning red. Maceratein water to remove pulp.Fresh seeds can be fallsown immediately afterclearning. Alternative towarm stratification isscarification.

See note 5.

continues