Phaseolus vulgaris, 15, 25, 314, 506, 517, 572,
593, 638, 643
adaptation to abiotic stress, 593
Phellodendron amurense, 102
Phenols, 4
Phenoxy herbicides
translocatioin in phloem, 457
Phenylalanine, 456
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, 550
Philodendron scandens, 919
Phloem, 193, 354, 371, 497–410, 421, 434–466,
473, 474, 476, 479, 480, 509, 513, 519,
565, 632, 638, 663, 664, 778, 779, 781,
783, 861, 862, 868
Phloem loading, 434–438, 458–460
apoplastic, 458
pathway, 435–438
apoplastic, 435–436
symplastic, 436–438
Phloem retranslocation, ion transport, 862
Phloem transport, 449–466
regulation, 460–463
by sinks, 461–463
by sources, 460–461
terminal sinks, 462–463
vegetative sinks, 461–462
solutes, 449–466
benzoic acids, 457
chlorinated aliphatics, 457
glyphosate, 457
loading, 458–460
apoplastic phloem loading, 458
long-distance transport, 452–458
Munch pressure flow mechanism,
453–454
protein, viral movement in phloem, 458
range of amino acid composition, phloem
sap, 456
solutes translocated in phloem, 454–458
carbohydrates, 454
growth regulators, 457
mineral nutrients, 456
nitrogen-containing compounds,
454–456
systemic signals, 457
xenobiotics, 457–458
minor vein structure, 451–452
organic arsenicals, 457
phenoxy herbicides, 457
phloem structure, 449–452
companion cells, 450–451
feature, phloem tissues, 450–451
sieve elements, 450
picolinic acids, 457
regulation, phloem transport, 460–463
regulation by sinks, 461–463
regulation by sources, 460–461
terminal sinks, 462–463
vegetative sinks, 461–462
sucrose transporters, 463
sulfonylureas, 457
triazoles, 457
Phloem unloading, 438–439
Phlox drummondi, 85
Phosphate, 349
Phosphatidylinositol-specific phosholipase
calcium level, 701
Phosphoenolpryuvate
rising CO/d2/D and, 36
Photoperiod, 929
Photorespiration, 310–313
Photoscavenging, 190
Photosynthesis, 2, 4, 36–37, 187, 330–332,
413–415, 619–620, 775–778, 843
leaf resistances, effect of, 330–332
at low salinity, 619–620
pathways of, rising CO/d2/D and, 36–37
transpiration efficiency and, 843
Photosynthesis inhibitors, 775–778
electron acceptors, 777–778
electron transport, 775–777
immobile herbicides, 776–777
mobile herbicides, 776
energy transfer inhibitors, 777
inhibitory uncouplers, 777
uncouplers, 777
Photosynthesis pigments, 187
Photosynthetic apparatus, toxic divalent cations,
763–772
Photosynthetic efficiency, 821–834
Photosynthetic gas exchange, bioenergetic aspects,
299–326
crop yield, 319–321
photosynthesis, 301–308
respiratory process, 309–318
chlororesperation, 315–318
physical significance, 316–318
dark respiration, 309–310
maintenance respiration, 313–315
photorespiration, 310–313
water oxidation, mechanism of, 302–308
Photosynthetic membranes, 281–298
chloroplast ATP synthase, 290–292
CF/d0/D supramolecular organization,
290–291
CF1,supramolecular organization of, 291
function of ATP synthase, 291–292962 INDEX
[Phloem transport]