storage, 26–27
seed, 60, 164–165
dormancy, 164–165
stress, 5–7
Svante, Arrhenius, 29
Temperature control, 22–25
advection freezes, 25
convection freezes, 25
fossil fuels, burning, 24
freeze protection, 24–25
greenhouse, 22
microclimate, 22–24
Pre-Columbian Andean potato growers, 23
shading, 24
smudge pots, 24
sunshading, 24
Temporal shift model, source strength, 118–119
Terminal sinks, phloem transport, 462–463
Terpenoid-derived phytoalexins, 659
Tetrahydrofuran, 931
Tetramethylurea, 931
Teucrium chamaedrys, 89
Thalictrum rochebrunianum, 89
Thaumatin-like proteins, 660
Theobroma cacao, 19, 644
Thermodormancy, 65, 168
Thermodynamic properties, of fruit, 157
Thermodynamics, second law of, 3
Thin-layer chromatography, 885
Thin-layer electrophoresis, 885
Thinning, fruit, abscission, 222–223
Thinopyrum elongatum, 624
Thiobismethane, 931
Thionins, protein induction, 661–662
Threonine, 456
Thunbergia alata, 90
Thylakoid, 281
chloroplasts, 281
membrane, 292–293
Tiarella cordifolia, 90
Tilia american, 108
Time, overview, 1–11
Tithonia rotundifolia, 90
Tobacco, 24, 39, 315
Tomato, 14, 39, 374, 510, 683, 745, 918, 927, 934
Tonoplast channels, 344
Torenia fournieri, 90
Touch, change in calcium level from, 699
Transcription regulation, glutathione homeostasis,
540–541
Transitory dormancy, 64
Transpiration, 353–354, 377, 574, 575, 643, 644,
835–856, 863–864
carbon isotope discrimination and, 839–843
drought, 841–843, 848
resistance, 848
effects of, 353–354
efficiency, 835–856
evapotranspiration, 835
factors affecting, 836–838
canopy structure, 837
leaf area, 838
leaf movements, surface reflectance, 837–838
root systems, 838
stomatal behavior, 836–837
genotypic differences in, 838–839
ion transport, 863–864
photosynthesis and, 843
water use efficiency, 835
Transport, 341–351, 353–354, 668
across root, 353
primary active transport, 345–347
proteins, 341–351, 668
calcium, 349
carriers, 344–348
channels, 342–348
ABC transporters, 346
contransport, 347–348
plasma membrane channels, 343–344
primary active transport, 345–347
pyrophosphatase, 347
structure, 342–343
tonoplast channels, 344
transport kinetics, 344–345
chloride, 349
mineral anion transport to vacuoles, 350
mineral cations, 348–351
uptake of heavy metals, 351
nitrate, 350
phosphate, 349
potassium, 348
sodium, 348
sulfate, 350
to shoot, 353–354
effects of transpiration, 353–354
resorption, 354
transport across root, 353
Travel, space. See alsoLife support
closed life support systems for, 377–378
extraterrestrial agriculture, 441
human life support for, 925–942
Mars, plant growing system on, 936–937
spaceflight testing, 935–936
Trehalose-6-phosphate synthetase, 898
Trianthema triquetra, 568–570, 576
Triazoles, translocated in phloem, 457
Tricarbonyl, methylcyclopentadienyl manganese,
10INDEX 971
[Temperature] [Transpiration]