194 3 GeneralBacteriology
Table3. 4 Continued:FrequentlyUsedAnti-InfectiveAgents
Class/activesubstance Remarks
meropenem Likeimipenem,butstableagainstrenal
dehydropeptidase
Polypeptides
bacitracin OnlyagainstGram-positivebacteria;isonlyused
topically
PolymyxinB,colistin OnlyagainstGram-negativerodbacteria;neuro-
toxicity,nephrotoxicity
Rifamycins
rifampicin AgainstGram-positivebacteriaandtuberculosis
bacteria;mainlybacteriostatic;rapiddevelopment
ofresistance,forwhichreasoncombination
therapyisrecommended
Streptogramins
quinopristin/dalfopristin Fixedcombinationpreparationoftwo
streptogramins;effectivemainlyagainstGram-
positivebacteria
Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim
(cotrimoxazole) Fixedcombination;fivepartssulfamethoxazoleand
oneparttrimethoprim
Sulfonamides
sulfanilamide,
sulfamethoxazole,
sulfafurazole,etc.
Broadspectrum;bacteriostaticeffectonly;
resistancefrequent
Sulfones
dapsone diaminodiphenylsulfone;fortherapyofleprosy
Tetracyclines
doxycyclinetetracycline,
oxytetracycline,
rolitetracycline,minocycline
Broadspectrumincludingallbacteria,chlamydias,
andrickettsias;resistancefrequent;dentaldeposits
insmallchildren
3
Kayser, Medical Microbiology © 2005 Thieme