Medical Microbiology

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286 4 BacteriaasHumanPathogens

Table4. 8 OverviewoftheMostImportantDifferencesbetweenTyphoidand
EntericSalmonellaeandSalmonelloses

Parameter Typhoid
salmonellae/salmonelloses

Enteric
salmonellae/salmonelloses

Serovars Typhi;ParatyphiA,B,C
(seeTable4. 7 )

OftenEnteritidisand
Typhimurium;morerarely:
numerousotherserovars
Infectionspectrum Humans Animalsandhumans
Sourceofinfection Humans:infectedpersons,
chroniccarriers

Mainlylivestock;possibly
humansaswell
Modeofinfection Oral Oral
Transmission Indirect:water,contaminated
food
Direct:smearinfection

Indirect:contaminatedfood

Infectivedose Small: 102 –1 03 bacteria Large:> 106 bacteria;inmost
casesproliferationinfood
Incubationtime 1 – 3 weeks 1 – 2 days
Clinicalpicture Generalizedinfection.
Sepsis

Acutediarrheawithvomiting.
Fever.Self-limitinginfectionin
mostcases
Diagnosis Identificationofpathogenin
blood,stool,urine.
Antibodydetectionusing
Gruber-Widalquantitative
agglutinationreaction

Identificationofpathogenin
stool

Therapy Antibiotics:aminopenicillins,
4-quinolones

Symptomatictherapy:
loperamide,replacementof
waterandelectrolytelossesas
required(WHOformula)
Occurrence Sporadic;usuallyimported
fromcountrieswithendemic
typhoidfever

Endemic,epidemicsinsmall
groups(family,cafeteria,etc.)
orasmassinfection
Prevention Exposureprophylaxis:
Drinkingwaterandfood
hygiene;eliminationof
pathogeninchroniccarriers.
Immunizationprophylaxis:
Activeimmunizationpossible
(travelers)(seep. 28 7f.)

Exposureprophylaxis:
Foodhygiene

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Kayser, Medical Microbiology © 2005 Thieme
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