Medical Microbiology

HaemophilusandPasteurella 305

Table4. 10 Continued:OverviewofOtherGram-NegativeRodBacteria

Bacterialspecies Mostimportantcharacteristics

Calymmatobacterium

granulomatis

(syn.Donovania

granulomatis)

Nonmotile,capsule,culturingonmediumscontaining

eggyolk;facultativeanaerobe.Granulomainguinale.

Venerealdisease;indolent,ulcerogranulomatouslesions

onskinandmucosa.SporadicoccurrenceinEurope.

Diagnosisinvolvesidentificationofbacteriainvacuoles

oflargemononuclearcellsusingGiemsastaining

(Donovanbodies).Antibiotics:aminoglycosides,tetra-

cyclines

Streptobacillusmoniliformis Pronouncedpleomorphism;frequentproductionof

filamentsbecauseofdefectivecellwalls.Culturingin

enrichedmediumsat 358 C, 5 %CO 2 , 3 days.Compo-

nentoforalcavityflorainrats,mice,cats

Ratbitefever.Incubationperiod 1 – 22 days.Fever,

arthralgias,myalgias,exanthema.Possibleinflammation

atsiteofbite.Polyarthritisin 50 %ofpatients.Therapy

withpenicillinG.

Chryseobacterium(formerly

Flavobacterium)meningo-

septicum(andotherflavo-

bacteria)

Strictlyaerobic;oftenwithyellowpigment;nonfermen-

ter.Naturalhabitatsoilandnaturalbodiesofwater.

Meningitis.Inneonates.Poorprognosis.

Sepsis,pneumoniainimmunocompromisedpatients.

Allinfectionsrare.

Alcaligenesfaecalis

(andotherspeciesofthe

genusAlcaligenes)

Strictlyaerobic;nonfermenter.Naturalhabitatsoiland

surfacewater.

Variousopportunisticinfectionsinpatientswith

severeprimaryillnesses;usuallyisolatedasacompo-

nentinmixedflora;datadifficulttointerpret.

Capnocytophagaspp. Componentofnormaloralcavityflorainhumansand

dogs.Long,thin,fusiformrods.Proliferationonblood

agarinpresenceof 5 – 10 %CO 2 .Cancontributeto

pathogenesisofperiodontitis.Sepsisinagranulocyto-

sis,leukemias,malignancys.Widevarietyofpurulent

processes.Oftencomponentofmixedflora.

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Kayser, Medical Microbiology © 2005 Thieme