Medical Microbiology

GeneralAspectsofFungalDisease 355

Table5. 2 Continued:OverviewoftheMostImportantMycosesinHumans

Disease Etiology Remarks

Hyalohyphomycoses

(causedbycolorless

[hyaline]molds)

Morethan 40 species

discoveredtodate,e.g.,

Fusariumspp.;

Scedosporiumspp.;

Paecilomyceslilacinus

Infectionsofcorneaandeye,

pneumonia,osteomyelitis,

arthritis,softtissueinfections,

sepsisalsopossible

Yeastmycoses

(exceptcandidiasis)

Torulopsisglabrata;

Trichosporonbeigelii;

Rhodotorulaspp.;

Malasseziafurfur,and

others

Infectionsofvariousorgansin

immunosuppressedpatients.

Sepsisalsopossible.Malassezia

furfurincathetersepsisin

neonatesandinintravenous

feedingwithlipids

Penicilliosis Penicilliummarneffei Mostfrequentopportunistic

infectioninAIDSpatientsin

SoutheastAsia.Primaryinfection

focusinlungs

Subcutaneousmycoses

Sporotrichosis Sporothrixschenckii Dimorphicfungus,ulcerous

lesionsonextremities

Chromoblastomycosis Phialophoraverrucosa

Fonseceapedrosoi

Cladosporiumcarrionii,etc.

Blackmolds.Wartlikepigmented

lesionsonextremities.Tropical

disease

Madurafoot

(mycetoma)

Madurellamycetomi

Scedosporium

apiospermum,etc.

Subcutaneousabscessesonfeet

orhands.Canalsobecausedby

bacteria(seep. 2 73).Intropics

andsubtropics

Cutaneousmycoses

Pityriasis(ortinea

versicolor)

Malasseziafurfur Surfaceinfection;relatively

harmless;pathogenisdependent

onanoutsidesourceoffatty

acids

Dermatomycoses

Tineapedis,

T.cruris,

T.capitis,

T.barbae,

T.unguinum,

T.corporis

Trichophytonspp.

Microsporumspp.

Epidermophytonspp.

Alldermatophytesarefilamen-

tousfungi(hyphomycetes).

Anthropophilic,zoophilic,

geophilicspecies.

Alwaystransmittedbydirector

indirectcontact

5

Kayser, Medical Microbiology © 2005 Thieme