Medical Microbiology

Table 1 2. 8 Cardiovascularsystem

Infection MostImportantPathogens Laboratorydiagnosis

Endocarditis Streptococcusspp.(60– 80 %)

Staphylococcusspp.(20– 35 %)

Gram-negativerods(2– 13 %)

Numerousotherbacterialspp.

(5%)

Fungi(2– 4 %)

Culturenegative(5– 25 %)

Bloodculture,threesets

fromthreedifferentsites,within

1 – 2 h,beforeantimicrobialsif

possible.

10 – 20 mlvenousbloodinto

oneaerobicandoneanaerobic

bottle,respectively.

Myocarditis/

pericarditis

Viruses Enteroviruses

Adenoviruses

Herpesvirusgroup

Influenzaviruses

Parainfluenzaviruses

Serology,ifnecessary

combinedwithisolationand

PCRofpunctate

Bacteria Staphylococcusaureus

Streptococcuspneumoniae

Enterobacteriaceae

Mycobacteriumtuberculosis

Microscopyandculturefrom

punctate

DNAtestfrompunctateifre-

quired

Mycoplasmapneumoniae Serology;culturefrompunctate

Neisseriaspp.

Gram-negativeanaerobes

Actinomycesspp.

Nocardiaspp.

Microscopyandculturefrom

punctate

Rickettsiaspp.

Chlamydiatrachomatis

Serology

Fungi Candidaspp.

Aspergillusspp.

Cryptococcusneoformans

Serology;microscopy(directIF);

cellcultureorPCRifrequired

Protozoa Toxoplasmagondii

Trypanosomacruzi

Serology,ifnecessaryin

combinationwithcultureand

microscopyfrompunctate

Helminths Trichinellaspiralis Serology

Cardiovascularsystem 647

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Kayser, Medical Microbiology © 2005 Thieme