Medical Microbiology

nervoussystem 6 45, 646 respiratorytract633, 634 flavus 364 fumigatus354, 36 4, 365 morphology 364 pathogenesis 364 respiratorytractinfec- tion 365 therapy 366 Asthma 353 Astigmata 60 6, 612 Astroviruses 38 3,438, 439 clinicalpicture 439 diagnosis 43 9, 638 epidemiology 439 pathogenesis 439 Athlete’sfoot 374 Atopia 1 09, 139 Atovaquone533,534, 535 Attachmentpili 158 Autoantibodyresponses 11 0–1 11 Autoimmunedisease 113 seealsoImmunopathol- ogy Autoimmunity 43 – 4 4, 11 0–1 11 mechanisms 111 Autologous 139 Autosomes 139 Avidity 139 Axostylata 477 Azithromycin 191 Azlocillin 193 Azoles 356 Aztreonam 192

&B

Bcells 45 – 46, 67 – 71 antigenpresentation 63 antigenrecognition 52 clonalselectiontheory 67 interactions 72 – 75 maturation 47 memory 94 – 96 proliferation 69 – 69 T-independentre- sponses 69 – 71 tolerance 93 – 94 B-cellattractant(BCA-1) 83 B-celllymphoma 69

B-cellreceptor 45 – 46, 4 8–5 0 geneticrearrangement 55 Babesia(babesiosis) 538 diagnosis 649 divergens 538 microti 538 Bacillaryangiomatosis 334, 649 Bacillus anthracis 22 0, 244 – 245 culture 245 diagnosis 651 morphology 245 pathogenesis 245 seealsoAnthrax cereus 638 eyeinfections656, 657 Bacitracin 194 mechanismofaction 198 Bacteremia,transitory 10 Bacteria 5 – 6 adhesion 11 – 12 classification 218 – 219 cultureseeBacterial culture diagnosisseeLaboratory diagnosis finestructure 148 – 160 forms 146 – 14 8, 149 L-forms 156 – 157 , 196 geneticvariability 17 0–1 79 antibioticresistance 201 intercellularmecha- nisms 174 – 179 molecularmecha- nisms 171 – 173 gram-negative 222 – 226 attachmentpili 158 cellwall 154 – 157 virulenceproteinse- cretion 17 gram-positive 220 – 222 cellwall 152 – 154 growth 165 hostimmunityevasion 7–8, 1 2–1 5 , 102 nonspecificimmunity 1 2–1 3 specificimmunity 1 3–1 5 identificationof 21 4–2 18 bacterialantigende- tection 217

chemicalcharacteris- tics 215 diagnosticanimal tests 217 molecularmethods 21 6–2 17 morphologicalchar- acteristics 21 4, 215 physiologicalcharac- teristics 21 4, 215 seealsoLaboratory diagnosis invasionandspread 12 killingof kinetics 35 – 36 phagocytosis 23 metabolism 160 – 164 anabolicreactions 163 catabolicreactions 161 – 163 metabolicregulation 164 typesof 160 – 161 moleculargenetics 16 6–1 70 morphology 146 – 148 nomenclature 228 normalflora 24 – 25 nosocomialinfections 343, 344 pathogenicity 7 – 11 geneticsof 20 – 21 problembacteria24, 201 spores 159 – 160 taxonomy 218 – 219 toxins 1 5, 16 – 17 typing 186 virulence 7 – 11 regulationof 18 – 20 zoonoses28, 29 seealsospecificbacteria Bacterialculture 16 4, 21 2–2 14 bacterialmass 166 cellcount 165 – 166 conditionsrequiredfor growth 214 growthcurve 165 nutrientmedia 16 4, 21 2, 213 proliferationforms 21 2–2 14 seealsospecificbacteria Bacterialpeliosishepatis/ splenica 334 Bactericidalactivity 196 Bacteriophages 1 75, 182 – 186

666 AAspergillus(aspergillosis)

Medical Microbiology

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