K xlii Encyclopedia of Islam
1338
¶ Death of Hajji Bektash, Sufi saint.
1369
¶ Death of Ibn Battuta, famed traveler and Maliki
jurist.
1370–1405
¶ Timur (Tamerlane) establishes Timurid Empire
in Central Asia, the Middle East, and South
Asia.
1380–1918
¶ Ottoman Empire rules much of the Middle East
and eastern Europe.
1406
¶ Death of the historian Ibn Khaldun.
1453
¶ Constantinople (Istanbul) falls to Ottomans and
becomes the new Ottoman capital; Byzantine
Empire ends.
1492
¶ Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabelle of Castile con-
quer Granada, ending Muslim rule in Andalusia.
1501
¶ Ismail I establishes the Safavid dynasty in Persia.
¶ Twelve-Imam Shiism becomes the state religion
of Iran.
1511
¶ The Saadi Sharifs establish Alid power in
Morocco.
1517
¶ Ottomans conquer Egypt.
1520–66
¶ Reign of the Ottoman sultan Sulayman the
Magnificent.1526–1858
¶ Mughal dynasty rules India.1529
¶ Ottomans lift first siege of Vienna and retreat.1550
¶ Islam spreads to Sumatra, Java, the Moluccas,
and Borneo.1556–1605
¶ Reign of Akbar, Mughal emperor.1571
¶ Christian fleet defeats Ottoman navy at Lep-
anto, marking the end of Ottoman dominance
in the Mediterranean region.1596
¶ Shah Abbas makes Isfahan the capital of the
Safavid Empire.1603
¶ Mughal emperor Jahangir begins rule in India.1605
¶ Death of Akbar.1609–14
¶ Expulsion of the Muslims from Spain.1624
¶ Death of Ahmad Sirhindi, Indian mystic and
reformer.