Encyclopedia of Islam

Chronology xliii J

1627

¶ Mughal emperor Shah Jahan begins reign.

1640

¶ Death of Mulla Sadra, Persian mystic and phi-
losopher.

1654

¶ Shah Jahan completes construction of Taj
Mahal.

1658

¶ Aurangzeb deposes his father, Shah Jahan, and
begins reign as Mughal ruler.

1683

¶ Ottomans lift the second siege of Vienna and
retreat.

1699

¶ Death of Muhammad Baqir al-Majlisi, leading
Shii scholar.

1707

¶ Death of Aurangzeb, inaugurating era of rapid
Mughal decline.

1722

¶ Safavid rule in Iran effectively ended by Afghan
invasion.

1750

¶ Wahhabi movement, led by Muhammad Abd
al-Wahhab, arises in Arabia.

1757–65

¶ English East India Company wins control of
Bengal, India.

1762

¶ Death of Shah Wali Allah.

1798–1801

¶ French expedition under Napoleon Bonaparte

to Egypt.

1792

¶ Death of Ibn Abd al-Wahhab, founder of the

Wahhabi movement.

1801

¶ Wahhabi raiders attack and plunder Karbala in

Iraq.

1804

¶ Usman dan Fodio establishes Islamic state of

Sokoto in central Sudan.

¶ Wahhabi forces capture Medina.

1805

¶ Muhammad Ali appointed viceroy of Egypt by

Ottomans.

1806

¶ Wahhabi forces occupy Mecca.

1812–16

¶ Egyptian troops conduct successful campaign to

end Wahhabi control of Arabia.

1816

¶ British withdraw from Indonesia, restoring it to

Dutch rule.

1817

¶ Death of Usman dan Fodio, African religious

and political leader.