Encyclopedia of Islam

of Qutb’s thought would have been inconceivable
before his time.
See also Jihad movements; reneWal and reForm
movements.

Joshua Hoffman

Further reading: John Calvert and William Shepard,
A Child from the Village (Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse Uni-

versity Press, 2004); Gilles Kepel, Muslim Extremism in

Egypt: The Prophet and the Pharaoh. Translated by Jon

Rothschild (Berkeley: University of California Press,

2003); Sayyid Qutb, Milestones. Translated by Ahmad

Zaki Hammad (Indianapolis: American Trust Publica-

tions, 1993); William Shepard, Sayyid Qutb and Islamic

Activism: A Translation and Critical Analysis of Social

Justice in Islam (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1996).

Qutb, Sayyid 577 J