Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils
Platelet count
CANCER TUMOR MARKERS (ANTIGENS) CEA
(CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN) — A protein that normally appears
in fetal gut tissue. However, it is also found in the bloodstream of adults with
colorectal tumor and other carcinomas including breast, pancreatic, liver and
gastric (stomach). It is also found in non-cancerous (benign) conditions
including ulcerative colitis, diverticulitis and cirrhosis.
CA 19-9 — Useful tumor marker (antigen) for liver and pancreatic cancers.
It is primarily used in the diagnosing of pancreatic carcinoma (70 percent).
CA 19-9 markers can also indicate gastric cancers, colorectal cancer,
pancreatitis, gallstones, cirrhosis and cystic fibrosis.
CA 15-3 — A tumor marker best used for meta-static breast cancer. It can
also be elevated in ovarian disease, non-malignant breast masses and non-
breast malignancies.
CA 125 — An epithelial cell tumor marker for ovarian cancer.
AFP (ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN) AND HCG (HUMAN CHORIONIC
GONADOTROPHIN) — Germ cell tumor markers for the ovaries.
PSA (PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN) — Aglyco-protein found in the
cytoplasm of prostate epithelial cells. Elevated PSAs can indicate
inflammation and/or cancer of the prostate. The higher the PSA levels,
especially above 5, the more likely that this inflammation has become cancer.
Blood Typing
Human blood is categorized according to the presence or absence of blood
antigens. These antigens are called ABO and Rh Antigens. The two major
antigens that comprise ABO blood typing are the A and B antigen, which
serve as the basis for the ABO system.
Type A blood contains type A antigens. Type B blood contains type B
antigens. Type AB blood contains type AB antigens. Type O blood does not