792 Index of Notation
〈−→v,−→w〉 inner (dot) product of vectors−→v and−→w
−→v ·−→w dot product of vectors−→v and−→w
−→v ×−→w cross-product of vectors−→v and−→w
x greatest integer not exceedingx
{x} fractional part ofx, equal tox−x
∑n
i= 1 ai the suma^1 +a^2 +···+an
∏n
i= 1 ai the producta^1 ·a^2 ···an
n! nfactorial, equal ton(n− 1 )··· 1
x∈A elementxis in setA
A⊂BAis a subset ofB
A∪B the union of the setsAandB
A∩B the intersection of the setsAandB
A\B the set of the elements ofAthat are not inB
A×B the Cartesian product of the setsAandB
P(A) the family of all subsets of the setA
∅ the empty set
a≡b(modc) ais congruent tobmoduloc, i.e.,a−bis divisible byc
a|badividesb
gcd(a, b) greatest common divisor ofaandb
(n
k
)
binomial coefficientnchoosek