the top untouched. Make incisions on the under sides of the layers,
just below the third joint. Peg down, and cover the stems with equal
quantities of leaf-mould and light loam. Do not water them till the
following day. The young plants may be separated and potted off as
soon as they have taken root--say, the end of August. They may also be
increased by pipings. Fill the pots nearly to the top with light,
rich mould and fill up with silver sand. Break off the pipings at the
third joint, then in each piping cut a little upward slit, plant them
pretty thickly in the sand, and place the pot on a gentle hotbed, or
on a bed of sifted coal ashes. Put on the sashes, and keep the plants
shaded from the sun till they have taken root, then harden off
gradually, and place each of the young plants separately in a small
pot. Carnations may also be grown from seed sown in spring. When the
seedlings have made six or eight leaves, prick them out into pots
or beds. They will flower the following year. The beds must be well
drained, as stagnant wet is very injurious to them.
Carnation Margaritae.--May be sown in heat during February or March,
pricked out when strong enough, and planted in the open in May or
June.
Carpenteria Californica.--The white flowers of this evergreen shrub,
which make their appearance in July, are delicately fragrant. The
plant is most suitable for a cool greenhouse, but does well in the
open, in warm, well-drained situations. When grown in pots the mould
should consist of two parts turfy loam, one part peat, and a little
sharp sand. It may be increased by seeds or by cuttings planted in
sandy soil, with a medium bottom heat.
Carrots.--To grow them to perfection carrots require a deep, rich,
sandy soil, which has been thoroughly trenched and manured the
previous autumn. For the main crop the seed should be sown in March,
either broadcast or in rows 18 in. apart. A calm day must be chosen
for sowing, as the seed is very light and liable to be blown about. It
has also a tendency to hang together, to obviate which it is generally
rubbed into some light soil or sand previously to being scattered.
Thin out to a distance of from 4 to 7 in., according to the kind
grown. For early use the French Horn may be sown on a hotbed in
January and February. Keep the surface of the ground well open with
the hoe.
Cassia Corymbosa.--This stove shrub is an evergreen. It should be
grown in a mixture of loam and peat, and may be increased by cuttings
planted in sand under glass in a little heat. It flowers in July.
Height, 3 ft.
Castor Oil Plants.--See "Ricinus."
Catananche.--Pretty hardy biennials that will grow in almost any
soil, and may be increased by seed or division. They bloom in August.
Height, 21/2 ft. to 3 ft.
Catchfly.--See "Silene."