Encyclopedia of Environmental Science and Engineering, Volume I and II

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LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS ROGER J. ALESBURY—British Petroleum. Industrial Hygiene Engineering HAMBDY I. ALI—Ain Shams University. Phy ...

P. J. DITCHETT—University of Wales. Disinfection LEE DORIGAN—King County Department of Natural Resources. Brownfields ROBERT DRE ...

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS xxiii ELIZABETH MCLOUGHLIN—PS&S Keyspan. Planning JEHUDA MENCZEL—U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. ...

GEORGE M. WILKENING—Bell Laboratories. Non-ionizing Radiations CHARLES E. WILSON—New Jersey Institute of Technology. Noise DONAL ...

1 A ACID RAIN OVERVIEW OF THE PROBLEM Acid rain is the general and now popular term that pertains to both acid rain and acid sno ...

2 ACID RAIN the rain and snow chemistry measurements has varied, and thus the methods and the chemical parameters being mea- sur ...

ACID RAIN 3 and fog are technically included but in practice are poorly measured, except by special instruments. The automatic d ...

4 ACID RAIN Sample Handling Changes in the chemicals in the sample over time are decreased through (1) the addition of preservat ...

ACID RAIN 5 negative charge (due to SO 42 ) when the concentrations are expressed in eq/L (or m eq/L). For most precipitation s ...

6 ACID RAIN Thus the concentration of HCO 3 is much greater than that of CO 32 .^ For lower pH values, HCO 3  dominates CO 32 ...

ACID RAIN 7 Therefore the pH will most frequently be either very large or very small, giving a bimodal distribution. To calculat ...

8 ACID RAIN In summary it should simply be noted that the measured ions can be combined according to Eq. (12) to produce the qua ...

ACID RAIN 9 (c) Precipitation samples are relatively clean or pure as compared to treated well water used for drinking. SPATIAL ...

10 ACID RAIN less than 80 percent of the four-year interval (98 percent or 176 of the 180 selected sites operated for more than ...

ACID RAIN 11 production activities in areas with intensive agriculture are the major dust generation processes for soils. The el ...

12 ACID RAIN Midwest and Northeast (or other regions) cannot be pre- cisely quantified on the basis of the historical precipitat ...

ACID RAIN 13 REMOTE SITE PH DATA Acid precipitation is also being measured at remote sites. pH data for more than 1700 daily or ...

14 ACID RAIN Graedel, T.E. and P.J. Crutzen (1995), Atmosphere, Climate, and Change. W.H. Freeman and Company, New York, 196 pp. ...

TABLE 1 Measures of particle size Definition of characteristic diameters Physical meaning and corresponding measuring method geo ...