Encyclopedia of Environmental Science and Engineering, Volume I and II

RECREATION AREAS AND TEMPORARY RESIDENCES Bathing Beaches and Swimming Pools The sanitation of bathing places is dictated by hea ...

ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 357 lack of pH control, expose the unprotected surfaces to pos- sible infl ammation, irritation, and infect ...

358 ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH Engineering and Architectural Considerations The design of structures and facilities are properly engin ...

ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 359 the public health. Inspection duplication should be avoided; instead there should be a deliberate syner ...

360 ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH The effectiveness of pasteurization in the prevention of illnesses that may be transmitted through milk ...

361 ENVIRONMENTAL LAW 1 Environmental Law can be defi ned as those statutes, admin- istrative regulations, executive orders, cou ...

362 ENVIRONMENTAL LAW protection and economic development, national security and other factors. Federal actions covered by NEPA ...

ENVIRONMENTAL LAW 363 health and environmental risk is weighed against the social and economic benefi ts of the chemical. As for ...

364 ENVIRONMENTAL LAW contaminant levels for drinking water provided by public water systems. It also governs underground inject ...

ENVIRONMENTAL LAW 365 Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA ’90) Galvanized into action by the Exxon Valdez oil spill in 1989, Congress ...

366 ENVIRONMENTAL LAW to the United States. Guidelines for land-use planning and management must assure attainment of multiple-u ...

ENVIRONMENTAL LAW 367 areas in the fi eld. The international community has recog- nized that environmental threats are frequentl ...

368 EPIDEMIOLOGY ORIGINS AND DEFINITIONS Epidemiology (Waterhouse, 1998) is a science that basically borrows from the other scie ...

EPIDEMIOLOGY 369 of the disease, if all 15 had the fl u and someone contracted the disease twice, incidence would be 16 times in ...

370 EPIDEMIOLOGY different sources of exposure (Paneth, 2004). The population with a low number of deaths was obtaining water fr ...

EPIDEMIOLOGY 371 CENSUSES Apart from censuses of Roman and biblical times, the fi rst modern census was taken in Sweden in 1751. ...

372 EPIDEMIOLOGY of disease and does not allow these rates to be compared to other studies (Lange, 1991). The overall mortality ...

EPIDEMIOLOGY 373 WORLD STANDARDIZED RATES Another method of standardization, essentially similar to that described above, makes ...

374 EPIDEMIOLOGY the 5% level. In many studies a confi dence interval (CI) at 95% is presented. Even if an SMR is above or below ...

EPIDEMIOLOGY 375 was given as x to the mid-year population aged x : for each of these quantities the age given as x would range ...