Encyclopedia of Environmental Science and Engineering, Volume I and II

1256 WATER CHEMISTRY AQUATIC CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIA In this section a few example will be given that demonstrate how elementary pri ...

WATER CHEMISTRY 1257 express the net proton deficiency and net proton excess of the systems with repect to specific proton refer ...

1258 WATER CHEMISTRY equilibrium with pco , despite any variation of pH by the addi- tion of strong base or strong acid. This si ...

TABLE 1 Solubility of gases Examplea: CO 2 (g) CO 2 (aq) Assumptions: Gas behaves ideally; [CO 2 (aq)]  [H2CO 3 *] I. Expressio ...

1260 WATER CHEMISTRY TABLE 2B First acidity constant: H 2 CO 3  HCO 3   H K 1 3 23  {}{} {}* HHCO HCO K′ 1 3 T 23  {}[ ...

0 1 2 3 4 5 678 91011 12 13137 0 –1 –2 –3 –4 –5 –6 –7 0 –1 –2 –3 –4 –5 –6 –7 H+ P 2 P 1 HC– OH– C2– B– HC– HB H 2 C P 2 P 1 B– C ...

Solubility of Oxides and Hydroxides If pure solid oxide or hydroxide is in equilibrium with free ions in solution, for example, ...

WATER CHEMISTRY 1263 TABLE 3 Equilibrium constants for oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, hydroxide carnonates, sulfates, silicates ...

1264 WATER CHEMISTRY TABLE 3 (continued ) Reaction Symbol for equilibrium constants log K (25C) I 9.0 5 C, 200 atm seawater C ...

WATER CHEMISTRY 1265 The relations in Figure 5 do not fully describe the solu- bility of the corresponding oxides and hydroxides ...

1266 WATER CHEMISTRY set equal to unity. This means that the activity of the solid phase is implicitly contained in the solubili ...

WATER CHEMISTRY 1267 This treatment of electrons is no different from that of many other species such as hydrogen ions and silve ...

1268 WATER CHEMISTRY K P  K 1 41 55 2 oH e^12 /{}{}^22 ; log. c) g MnO 2 (s)  4H^ ^  2e  Mn^2  2H 2 O(1); KK   {} { ...

WATER CHEMISTRY 1269 † With dilute solutions it is convenient to express concentrations on a minus log concentration scale, e.g. ...

1270 WATER CHEMISTRY The boundary conditions for the stability of water (Figure 10(d)) are given at high p values by the oxidati ...

WATER CHEMISTRY 1271 TABLE 4 Equilibrium constants of redox processes pertinent in aquatic conditions (25C) Reaction pε°( log ...

1272 WATER CHEMISTRY Because of these peculiarities in equilibria with N 2 , Figure 10(b) has been constructed for the metastabl ...

WATER CHEMISTRY 1273 appears likely that the operating p p value does not differ greatly from the equilibrium value. The diagram ...

1274 WATER CHEMISTRY Martin, J.M. and M. Meybeck, Elemental mass-balance of material car- ried by major world rivers, Marine Ch ...

1275 WATER FLOW PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS The fluid properties most commonly encountered in water flow problems are presented in the ...