Encyclopedia of Environmental Science and Engineering, Volume I and II

1276 WATER FLOW where r  D /4 for flow at full bore. The use of Darcy’s equation in the form given by Eq. (5) is sometimes exte ...

WATER FLOW 1277 Equation (12) states that beyond a certain Reynolds number, when the flow is fully turbulent, the friction facto ...

1278 WATER FLOW The dimension of the roughness coefficient, N, is frequently taken as L 1/6 as the equation by itself is not dim ...

WATER FLOW 1279 Bends The effect of the presence of bends is to induce secondary flow currents which are responsible for the add ...

1280 WATER FLOW in which CC 1 / l^12 / is the discharge coefficient. Equation (35) can be readily extended to multiple conduits ...

WATER FLOW 1281 principally by channel friction, this phenomenon is known as gradually varied flow. For the type of flow in whic ...

1282 WATER FLOW Thus, the energy per unit weight of water passing the cross- section per second, H is: HZD V   2 2 g . (47) T ...

WATER FLOW 1283 following flow regimes could be defined with reference to the specific energy diagram. Subcritical flow denotes ...

1284 WATER FLOW Equation (6) can be written as: D D (^2) F 1 1 (^12) 2 (), 18 1 (63) where FV D 11  /( )g 1 is the upstream ...

WATER FLOW 1285 not have the same values. As the energy gradient, S, is common to the panels in Eq. (71), water level versus ene ...

1286 WATER FLOW Flow depth: D Q f  0 473^13 13 . . / / (77) Blench ’ s Equations Blench (1953, 1966), using the concept that ca ...

WATER FLOW 1287 force, A e t s , in the direction of the flow and the gravity force component, W s sin w which attempts to cause ...

1288 WATER FLOW and momentum are applicable to each subsection individu- ally as well as to the entire channel cross-section. Co ...

WATER: PROPERTIES, STRUCTURE, AND OCCURRENCE IN NATURE THE CYCLE OF WATER The Origin of the Hydrosphere The assumption that the ...

1290 WATER: PROPERTIES, STRUCTURE, AND OCCURRENCE IN NATURE Evaporation from the land, 6.21
10 19 gms per year, is dependent o ...

WATER: PROPERTIES, STRUCTURE, AND OCCURRENCE IN NATURE 1291 no longer thermodynamically stable. Specifically, these are chemical ...

1292 WATER: PROPERTIES, STRUCTURE, AND OCCURRENCE IN NATURE length of the other bond. The interdependence of the two OH bonds is ...

WATER: PROPERTIES, STRUCTURE, AND OCCURRENCE IN NATURE 1293 Ice II though VII are formed at high pressure but can sub- sequently ...

1294 WATER: PROPERTIES, STRUCTURE, AND OCCURRENCE IN NATURE The model must also be consistent with the interpreta- tions from in ...

WATER: PROPERTIES, STRUCTURE, AND OCCURRENCE IN NATURE 1295 TABLE 3 Crystallographic properties of ice polymorphs a^ Ice I Ic II ...