336 ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
There are many types and levels of planning for the
future ranging from family planning to national plan-
ning for survival. Figure 1 shows three different types of
planning and three different levels of planning. These are
all interdependent.A. General, Overall Policy Planning —Identification
of goals, aspirations and realistic objectives.
Establishment of functional priorities.
B. Functional Planning —Such as for transporta-
tion, water supply, wastewater, recreation, air
pollution, solid wastes, or medical care facilities
in which alternative functional solutions are pre-
sented, including consideration of the economic,
social and ecological factors, advantages and
disadvantages.
C. Project Planning —Detailed engineering and
architectural specific project plans, specifications,
drawing and contracts for bidding. Plan of action.Construction, Operation and Maintenance—Plan adjust-
ment as constructed; updating and planning for alterations
and new construction.
Figure 2 gives an example of the general, overall policy
planning process. It recognizes in the process the environ-
mental health and engineering goals and objectives, con-
siderations, plans, and the implementation programs and
devices needed. The next level of planning, depending on
the functional priorities established, would be specifi c func-
tional planning such as for recreation, transportation, sewer-
age, solid wastes, or environmental health.Environmental Health and Engineering PlanningSince this chapter deals with environmental health, a report
outline for that purpose follows.1) Letter of transmittal to the contracting agency.
2) Acknowledgments.
3) Table of contents.
a) List of tables.
b) List of figures.4) Findings, conclusions, and recommendations.
5) Purpose and scope.
6) Background data and analysis, as applicable,
including base maps, reports, and special studies.
a) Geography, hydrology, meteorology, geology,
and ground water levels.
b) Population and characteristics, past, present,
future, and density.
c) Soils characteristics; flora and fauna.
d) Transportation and mobility. Adequacy and
effects produced, present and future.
e) Residential, industrial, commercial, recre-
ational, agricultural, and institutional develop-
ment and redevelopment.f) Land use, present and future; spread of blight
and obsolescence; inefficient and desirable
land uses.
g) Drainage, water pollution control, and flood
control management.
h) Water resources, multi-use planning and devel-
opment with priority to water supply, environ-
mental impact.
i) Air and water pollution, sewerage, and solid
wastes management.
j) Public utilities and their adequacy—electricity,
gas, oil, heat.
k) Educational and cultural facilities, size, loca-
tion, effects.
l) Economic studies—present sources of income,
future economic base and balance, labor force,
markets, industrial opportunities, retail facili-
ties, stability.
m) Sociological factors, characteristics, knowl-
edge, attitudes; behavior of the people and
their expectations.
n) Local government and laws, codes ordi-
nances.
o) Special problems, previous studies and find-
ings, background data.7) Supplementary background environmental health
and engineering information.
a) Epidemiological survey including mortality,
morbidity, births and deaths, and specific inci-
dence of diseases; social, economic, and envi-
ronmental relationships; also water-, insect-, and
food-borne diseases; animal- and animal- related
diseases, airborne and air-related diseases, pesti-
cide and chemical poisonings; adequacy of data
and programs.
b) Public water supply, treatment, and distribution
including population served, adequacy, opera-
tion, quality control, cross-connection control,
storage and distribution protection, operator
qualifications. For individual systems—popu-
lation served, special problems, treatment and
costs, adequacy, control of well construction.
c) Waste-water collection, treatment and disposal,
adequacy of treatment and collection system,
population served, operator qualifications; sewer
connection control. For individual systems—
population served, special problems, control of
installations. Water pollution control.
d) Solid wastes management—storage, collec-
tion, transportation, processing, and disposal;
adequacy.
e) Air resources management and air pollution
control including sources, air quality, emission
standards, problems and effects, regulation,
and control program.
f) Housing and the residential environment—
control of new construction, house conservationC005_009_r03.indd 336C005_009_r03.indd 336 11/18/2005 10:24:45 AM11/18/2005 10:24:45 AM