458 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
potentially cutting treatment costs and time frames
by 30 to 50%.- Thermal technologies The EPA has conducted
tests of thermally-based technologies in an evalu-
ation of methods to treat organic contaminants
in soil and groundwater. Low temperature ther-
mal desorption is a physical separation process
designed to volatilize water and organic contami-
nants. Typical desorption designs are the rotary
dryer and the thermal screw. In each case, mate-
rial is transported through the heated chamber via
either conveyors or augers. The volatilized com-
pounds, and gas entrained particulates are subse-
quently transported to another treatment system
for removal or destruction.
Mobile incineration processes have been developed
for use at remedial sites. While permitting is frequently a
problem, the economics of transporting large quantities of
soil can drive this alternative. One method is a circulating
fluidized bed, which uses high-velocity air to circulate and
suspend the waste particles in a combustion loop. Another
unit uses electrical resistance heating elements or indirect-
fired radiant U-tubes to heat the material passing through
the chamber. Each requires subsequent treatment of the off
gases. Also certain wastes will result in the formation of a
bottom ash, requiring treatment and disposal.
In summary, the current business and regulatory climate
is positive for the consideration of alternate treatment tech-
nologies. The re-evaluation of ongoing projects in light of
regulatory and policy changes, as well as new technological
developments may allow cost and time savings. The arse-
nal of techniques and technologies has developed substan-
tially over the years, as has our knowledge of the physical
and chemical processes associated with the management of
wastes. Effluents and contaminated media are now easier to
target with more efficient and cost-effective methods.BIBLIOGRAPHY- Pojasek, R.B. (ed.), Toxic and Hazardous Waste Disposal, 1, Processes
for Stabilization and Solidification, Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor,
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Technomic, Westport, Connecticut, 1980. - Overcash, M.R., Decomposition of Toxic and Nontoxic Organic Com-
pounds in Soils, Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1981. - Toxic and Hazardous Industrial Chemicals Safety Manual. The Inter-
national Technical Information Institute, Tokyo, 1981. - Bertherick, L., Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, Butterworths,
London, 1979. - Hatayma, H.K., et al., A Method of Determining Hazardous Waste
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Edition, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1992.
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REFERENCES- PL 95-580, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, 42 USC
6901, 1976. - 40 CFR 262.
- 40 CFR 263.
- 40 CFR 261.
- 40 264, 265.
- SW-968, Permit Applicants’ Guidance Manual for the General Facility
Standards of 40 CFR 264, Oct. 1983. - Lindgren, G.D., “Managing Industrial Hazardous Waste: A Practical
Handbook,” 350 pp., 1989, Lewis Publ., Boca Raton, FL. - Industrial Pollution Prevention Planning, Meeting Requirements Under
the New Jersey Pollution Prevention Act, New Jersey Department of
Environmental protection, Office of Pollution Prevention, September
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RICHARD T. DEWLING
GREGORY A. PIKUL
Dewling Associates, Inc.C008_001_r03.indd 458C008_001_r03.indd 458 11/18/2005 10:28:45 AM11/18/2005 10:28:45 AM