Encyclopedia of Environmental Science and Engineering, Volume I and II

534 INDUSTRIAL WASTE MANAGEMENT

TABLE 5

Summary of industrial wastes from several major operations in pulp and paper industry

Major Industrial Operations Origin of Major Wastes Major Characteristics Major Treatment and Disposal

Methods

Pulp mill

Wood preparation Log transportation and storage,

debarking and chipping

Solid wastes, hydraulic debanking

uses water

Incineration, water is recycled

through lagoons

Pulping Mechanical pulping, kraft pulping,

sulfide pulping

Suspended solid, BOD, liquors

containing high BOD, sulfide,

mercaptans, high pH

Sedimentation, recovery if sodium

hydroxide and sodium sulfide,

aeration

Deinking Removal of ink Contains dirt and clay fillers,

chemicals and usually alkaline

Sedimentation and coagulation

Pulp washing, screening,

and thickening

Washing action, centrifugal cleaning,

gravity and vacuum thickening

Liquor contains pulp fibres Pulp fibres are recorded and

recycled

Bleaching Bleaching of pulp fibers by chlorine

solution

Contains chlorine, low pH, high

TDS

Dechlorination, neutralization

Paper mill

Stock preparation Addition of filter, colors, chemicals,

and screening

Color, clay fillers, chemicals, high

TDS

Coagulation and reuse

Paper machine Removal of free water Contains fibres and fillers. Known

as white water. TSS, TDS and

BOD

Fibers reclaimed, liquid wastes

treated by coagulation, activated

sludge

Finishing and converting Surface improving, size cutting.

Mostly dry process

Little or no liquid waste, mainly

solid waste

Recycled in pulping operation,

incineration

TABLE 4

Summary of industrial wastes from major food industry

Industries Producing Waste Origin of Major Wastes Major Characteristics Major Treatment and Disposal Methods

Canned goods Trimming, culling, juicing and

blancing of fruits and

vegetables

High in suspended solids,

colloidal and dissolved

organic matter

Screening, lagooning, soil absorption by

spray irrigation

Dairy products Dilutions of whole milk,

buttermilk, and whey

High in dissolved organic matter,

mainly protein, fat, and lactose

Biological treatment aeration, RBC,

trickling filtration, activate sludge,

whey recovery

Brewed and distilled beverages Steeping and pressing of grain;

residue from distillation of

alcohol; condensate from

stillage evaporation

High in dissolved organic solids,

containing nitrogen and

fermented starches or their

products

Recovery, concentration by centrifugation

and evaporation, RBC; trickling

filtration; use in feeds; anaerobic

biological treatment followed by

aerobic biological treatment

Meat and poultry products Stockyards; slaughtering of

animals; rendering of bones

and fats; residues in

condensates; grease and

wash water; picking chickens

Organic matter, blood, other

proteins, and fats and oils

Screening, settling and/or floatation,

trickling filtration, RBC, activated

sludge, recovery for animal food

products

Animal feedlots Excreta from animals High in organic suspended solids

and BOD

Land disposal and anaerobic lagoons

Beet sugar Transfer, screening, and juicing

waters; drainings from lime

sludge; condensates after

evaporator; juice and

extracted sugar

High in dissolved and suspended

organic matter, containing

sugar and protein

Reuse of wastes, coagulation, lagooning,

activated sludge, trickling filter,

anaerobic process

Cane sugar Spillage from extraction,

clarification, evaporation

cooling, and condenser

waters

Variable pH, soluble organic

matter with relatively high

BOD of carbonaceous nature

Neutralization, recirculation, chemical

treatment, some selected aerobic

oxidation

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