Encyclopedia of Environmental Science and Engineering, Volume I and II

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NON-IONIZING RADIATIONS 789



  1. Bulletin No. 3, The Eppley Laboratory Inc., Newport, Rhode Island,
    1963.

  2. Richardson, J.R. and R.D. Baertsch (1969), Zinc sulfide schottky bar-
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  3. Javan, A., W.R. Bennett, and D.R. Herriott (1961), Population inversion
    and continuous optical maser oscillation in a gas discharge containing a
    He-Ne mixture, Phys. Rev. Lett., 6 , 106.

  4. Miller, R.C. and W.A. Nordland (1967), Tunable Lithium Niobate Opti-
    cal Oscillator with external mirrors, Appl. Phys. Lett., 10 , 53.

  5. Ham, W.T., R.C. Williams, H.A. Muller, D. Guerry, A.M. Clarke, and
    W. J. Geeraets (1965), Effects of laser radiation on the mammalian eye,
    Trans. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 28 , 517.

  6. Clarke, A.M., W.T. Ham, W.J. Geeraets, R.C. Williams, and H.A. Mueller
    (1969), Laser Effects on the eye, Arch. Environ. Health, 18, 424.

  7. Noell, W.K., V.S. Walker, B.S. Kang, and S. Berman (1966), Retinal
    damage by light in rats, Invest. Ophthal., 5 , 450.

  8. Kotiaho, A., I. Resnick, J. Newton, and H. Schwell (1966), Tempera-
    tures rise and photocoagulation of rabbit retinas exposed to the CW
    Laser, Amer. J. Ophthal., 62 , 644.

  9. Davis, T.P., and W.J. Mautner (1969), Helium–neon laser effects on
    the eye, Annual Report Contract No. DADA 17–69-C-9013, US Army
    Medical Research and Development Command, Wash., DC.

  10. McNeer, K.W., M. Ghosh, W.J. Geeraets, and D. Guerry (1963), Erg
    after light coagulation, Acta. Ophthal. Suppl. 76 , 94.

  11. Jons, A.E., D.D. Fairchild, and P. Spyropoulos (1968), Laser radiation
    effects on the morphology and function of ocular tissue, Second Annual
    Report, Contr. No. DADA- 17–67-C-0019, US Army Medical Research
    and Development Command, Wash., DC.

  12. Safety level of microwave radiation with respect to personnel, com-
    mittee C95–1 USA Stds Inst. (Now Amer. Natl. Stds. Inst.) New York,
    N.Y., 1966.

  13. Mumford, W.W. (1969), Heat stress due to R.F. radiation, Proceedings
    of IEEE, 57, 171.

  14. Carpenter, R.L. and C.A. Van Ummersen (1968), J. Microwave
    Power, 3 , 3.

  15. Sigler, A.T., A.M. Lillienfeld, B.H. Cohen, and J.E. Westlake (1965),
    Radiation exposure in parents of children with mongolism (Down’s
    Syndrome), Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., 117 , 374.

  16. Tolgskaya, M.S., and Z.V. Gordon (1960), Trans. Inst. of Labor Hygiene
    and Occupational Diseases of the Acad. of Med. Sci., 99.

  17. Orlova, A.A. (1959), Proc. on Labor Hygiene and the Biol. Effects of
    Electromagnetic Radio Frequency Waves 25.

  18. Kholodov, Yu. A. (1962), Proc. on Problems of the Biological Effects of
    Superhigh Frequency Fields, 58.

  19. Schwan, H.P. and K. Li (1953), Proc. IRE, 41 , 1735.

  20. Schwan, H.P. (1970), Biol. Effects and Health Implications of Micro-
    wave Radiation, US Govt. Printing Office.

  21. USA Standards Institute (Now American Technical Standards
    Institute) C95.3, Specifications for Techniques and Instrumentation


for Evaluating Radio Frequency Hazards to Personnel, New York,
NY., 1968.


  1. Wacker, P. (1970), Biol. Effects and Health Implication of Microwave
    Radiation, US Govt. Printing Office.

  2. Bowman, R., Ibid.

  3. King, G.R., A.C. Hamburger, F. Parsa, S.J. Heller, and R.A. Carleton
    (1970), Effect of microwave oven on implanted cardiac pacemaker,
    Jama, 312 , 1213.

  4. Wilkening, G.M., The Potential Hazards of Laser Radiation, Proceed-
    ings of Symposium on Ergonomics and Physical Environmental Fac-
    tors, Rome, Italy, 16–21, September 1968, International Labor Office,
    Geneva.

  5. Sliney, D.H., F.C. Bason, and B.C. Freasier (1971), Instrumentation
    and measurement of ultraviolet, visible and infrared radiation, Amer.
    Indus. Hygiene Assn. J., 32 , No. 7, July.

  6. Cleary, S.F. (1970), The biological effects of microwave and radiofre-
    quency radiation, CRC Critical Review in Environmental Control 1 , 257.

  7. Threshold Limit Values for Physical Agents (1982), American Confer-
    ence of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, P.O. Box 1937, Cincinnati,
    Ohio 45201.

  8. Wilkening, G.M. (1978), Nonionizing Radiation Chapter 11, Patty’s
    Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 1 , General Principles, John Wiley
    and Sons, 3rd Rev. Ed., New York, NY.

  9. Charschan, S. et al., American National Standards for the Safe Use
    of Lasers Z136.1 (1980), American National Standards Institute, Inc.
    1430 Broadway, New York, NY 10018.

  10. Laser Products Performance Standard (1975), US Department of
    Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Bureau of
    Radiological Health, Rockville, Maryland.

  11. Wilkening, G.M. et al. , Laser Radiation Standard (1982), Technical
    Committee on Laser Products, International Electrotechnical Commis-
    sion (IEC), Geneva, Switzerland.

  12. Wilkening, G.M. et al. (1981), Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields,
    Properties, Quantities and Units, Biophysical Interaction and Measure-
    ments National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements,
    Report No. 67, Washington, DC, 20014.

  13. Adey, W.R. (1979), Neurophysiologic Effects on Radiofrequency and
    Microwave Radiation, Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine
    55 , 1079.

  14. Guy, A.W. et al. (1982), “Safety Level of Electromagnetic Radiation
    with Respect to Personnel” American National Standards Institute Inc.,
    1430 Broadway NY, NY 10018.

  15. Nonionizing Radiation Protection, 2nd Ed. WHO, Copenhagen, 1989.


GEORGE M. WILKENING (DECEASED)
Bell Telephone Laboratories

C014_004_r03.indd 789C014_004_r03.indd 789 11/18/2005 3:09:24 PM11/18/2005 3:09:24 PM

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