172 REFINE AND REHEARSE
since (with the exception of his 2005 Stanford commencement
address). See Figure 14.1.HAND GESTURES
Jobs emphasizes nearly every sentence with a gesture that com-
plements his words. Some old-fashioned speaking coaches still
instruct clients to keep their hands at their sides. I’m not sure
where this started, but it’s the kiss of death for any speaker hop-
ing to captivate an audience. Keeping your hands at your sides
will make you look stiff, formal, and, frankly, a little weird.
Extraordinary communicators such as Jobs use more gestures
than the average speaker, not fewer. There’s even research to
back up this observation.
Dr. David McNeill, at the University of Chicago, is known for
his exhaustive research in the area of hand gestures. He’s made it
his passion since 1980. His research has shown that gestures and
language are intimately connected. In fact, the use of gestures
can help presenters speak better by clearing up their thought
process. Yes, he says, it actually takes concentrated effort not toFigure 14.1 Steve Jobs engages his audience with strong eye contact,
hand gestures, and an open posture.
JOHN G. MABANGLO/AFP/Getty Images