BBC Sky at Night - UK (2021-08)

(Antfer) #1
“The Peas are the
most efficient stellar
factories in the local
Universe – the
equivalent of the
galaxies which hosted
the first big burst of
star formation”

Chris Lintott was reading... Evidence for Black Holes in Green Peas from
WISE colors and variability by Santosh Harish.
Read it online at: https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.

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Black holes among


the Green Peas


Compact, green galaxies could


help reveal the history of our own


Prof Chris Lintott
is an astrophysicist
and co-presenter
on The Sky at Night

The hunt for Green Pea galaxies has been swept
along by citizen scientists. The distinctive
colour is due to the glow of excited oxygen

August 2021 BBC Sky at Night Magazine 17
Free download pdf