BBC Sky at Night - UK (2021-08)

(Antfer) #1

98 BBC Sky at Night Magazine August 2021


Why do we want to prevent
light pollution?
What people think about
ƅUVWLVSURWHFWLQJWKH
QLJKWVN\EXWZHKDYHDQ
LQFUHDVLQJXQGHUVWDQGLQJ
RIWKHVLJQLƅFDQFHRI
OLJKWSROOXWLRQDVSDUWRI
WKHRYHUDOOWKUHDWWRRXU
HQYLURQPHQW:HNQRZWKDW
LWKDVDQHIIHFWRQZLOGOLIH
HFRORJ\KDVDSRWHQWLDO
LQƆXHQFHRQKXPDQKHDOWK
SXEOLFVDIHW\DQGHQHUJ\
VHFXULW\ŚLWŝVQRWVLPSO\
DPDWWHURIDVWURQRP\

How do satellites increase
light pollution?
8QWLOUHFHQWO\ZHZHUHQŝW
WKLQNLQJDERXWWKLVLVVXH,W
FDPHWRWKHIRUHDERXWWZR
\HDUVDJRZLWKWKHƅUVWODXQFKRIWKH6SDFH;6WDUOLQN
FRQVWHOODWLRQVDWHOOLWHVWRVHHREMHFWVDWDWLPH
PRYLQJDFURVVWKHVN\ZDVVWDUWOLQJ)RUDVWURQRPHUV
WKHEULJKWVWUHDNRIDVDWHOOLWHUXQQLQJWKURXJKWKHLU
LPDJHVFRVWGDWDEXWLWZDVOLPLWHGWRWKHSDUWRI
WKHLPDJHZKHUHWKHVDWHOOLWHDFWXDOO\DSSHDUHG
2XUQHZSDSHUWDNHVDGLIIHUHQWYLHZRIWKDW
VXEMHFWDQGLQVWHDGDVNVZKDWLVWKHFROOHFWLYH
FRQWULEXWLRQIURPDOORIWKHVHWKLQJVLQWKHVN\"
:HGLVFRYHUHGWKLVZDVUDLVLQJWKHEDFNJURXQGOHYHO
RIEULJKWQHVVLQWKHVN\E\DERXWSHUFHQW7KDW
ZDVDVWDUWOLQJUHVXOWDQGLWŝVDORZHUOLPLWEHFDXVHLW
ZDVEDVHGRQWKHDVVXPSWLRQWKDWWKHUHZHUHRQO\D
IHZWKRXVDQGREMHFWVLQRUELWDURXQG(DUWK:HNQRZ
WKDWRYHUWLPHWKDWQXPEHUZLOOLQFUHDVH

How much will that alter the naked-eye view?
,WLVXQOLNHO\WKDWDQDYHUDJHREVHUYHUDWDYHU\GDUN
ORFDWLRQZLOOQRWLFHWKLVHIIHFW7KHUHDUHVRXUFHVRI
OLJKWSDUWLFXODUO\LQ(DUWKŝVDWPRVSKHUHWKDWDUH
QDWXUDOLQRULJLQDQGDUHPRUHVLJQLƅFDQWFRQWULEXWRUV
RIOLJKW6DWHOOLWHVPLJKWEHFRQWULEXWLQJVRPHWKLQJ
OLNHSHUFHQWDERYHWKHEDFNJURXQGEULJKWQHVVEXW
WKHQDWXUDOSURFHVVHVLQWKHDWPRVSKHUHWKDWDUH
JHQHUDWLQJOLJKWFRXOGEHSHUFHQWRUKLJKHU,ŝP
FRQFHUQHGDERXWƅYHRU\HDUVIURPQRZZKHQ
WKHUHPLJKWEHDVDWHOOLWHVLQ(DUWKRUELW
2XUPRGHOSUHGLFWVWKDWWKHFRQWULEXWLRQDERYHWKH

EDFNJURXQGEULJKWQHVV
EHFRPHVKLJKHU'RHV
WKDWVWDUWWRLPSDFWZKDW
VWDUJD]HUVVHH",WŝVYHU\
OLNHO\DQGLWŝVJRLQJWRPDNH
LWKDUGHUWRVHHIDLQWVWDUV

Is this a problem for
professional observatories?
<HVEHFDXVHWKH\FDQVHH
IDLQWHUWKLQJVWKDQPRVW
DPDWHXUSKRWRJUDSKHUV
,I\RXZDQWWRDFKLHYHD
FHUWDLQPLQLPXPEULJKWQHVV
RIREMHFWVLQ\RXULPDJHDQG
\RXKDYHDWHOHVFRSHRID
JLYHQVL]HRQHZD\WRGR
WKDWLVE\WDNLQJDORQJHU
H[SRVXUHWRJHWPRUH
SKRWRQVIURPWKHWDUJHW
REMHFW,I\RXDUHREVHUYLQJ
VRPHWKLQJWKDWŝVYHU\IDLQW
LWPD\WDNHKRXUVRIH[SRVXUHWRJHWWRWKDWDPRXQW
RIVLJQDO+RZHYHULIWKHOHYHORIEDFNJURXQG
EULJKWQHVVLQWKHVN\LQFUHDVHV\RXZLOOQHHGDQHYHQ
ORQJHUH[SRVXUHDQGWDNHPRUHWLPHWRJHWWKHVDPH
UHVXOW,QRWKHUZRUGV\RXPD\QRWEHDEOHWRREVHUYH
DVPDQ\REMHFWVLQDJLYHQDPRXQWRIREVHUYLQJWLPH

Will space-based observatories be affected?
,WLVDFRQFHUQIRUVSDFHEDVHGREVHUYDWRULHV$WOHDVW
RQH+XEEOH6SDFH7HOHVFRSHLPDJHKDVD6WDUOLQNWUDLO
WKURXJKLW0RVWRIWKHVDWHOOLWHVWKDWDUHLQWHQGHGWR
EHODXQFKHGZLOOEHDWKLJKHURUELWV$ERYHNPRU
VRDVDWHOOLWHZLOOEHLQVXQOLJKWIRUDOPRVWDOOLWVRUELW
LQWKHVXPPHUVRLWZLOOEHLOOXPLQDWHGDOOQLJKWORQJ

What is being done to mitigate the issue?
7KHUHLVDQRQJRLQJGLDORJXHEHWZHHQWKHVSDFH
LQGXVWU\DQGWKHDVWURQRPLFDOFRPPXQLW\2SHUDWRUV
OLNH6SDFH;KDYHEHHQPDNLQJFKDQJHVWRWU\DQG
PDNHWKHLUREMHFWVOHVVUHƆHFWLYHEXWWKHUHŝVQRWDORW
WKDWFDQEHGRQHWRFXUEWKHHIIHFWWKDWZHŝUHWDONLQJ
DERXWLQRXUSDSHU:HDUHORRNLQJDWKRZPXFKWKH
VDWHOOLWHVUDLVHWKHEDFNJURXQGEULJKWQHVVOHYHORIWKH
VN\7KHUHƆHFWLYLW\RIWKHVDWHOOLWHVLVSDUWRIWKDW
DQGUHGXFLQJWKDWUHƆHFWLYLW\ZLOOORZHUWKHLPSDFWRI
WKHGLIIXVHVN\EULJKWQHVVEXWLWGRHVQŝWHOLPLQDWHLW
7KHRQO\ZD\WRDYRLGWKLVSUREOHPZRXOGEHWRKDYH
ST IHZHUREMHFWVRUELWLQJRXUSODQHW
EPH


EN


CH


UN


G^
/^ A


LA
MY


ST
OC


K^ P


HO


TO


Light scattering from satellites and orbital debris could be greatly increasing
background light pollution, affecting astronomical observations

Þ Starlink satellite
trails are caught in a
long exposure shot
taken over London
on 25 April 2020

Q&A WITH A LIGHT POLLUTION EXPERT


Ezzy Pearson interviews Dr John Barentine


Dr John Barentine
is director of
conservation at the
International Dark
Sky Association
Free download pdf