Biology Questions and Answers
The venous vessels that collect the
blood filterrenal veins. Thed by the kidneys are renal veins carry the thee (^)
blood that has been reabsorbed in the
nephron tubules.
- What is the functional
unity of the kidneys?
The functionalkidneys is the nephron. A nephron is (filtering) unity of the (^)
made of afferent arteriole, efferent
arteriole, glomerulus, Bowmancapsule, proximal tubule, loop of Henle,'s (^)
distal tubule and collecting duct.
In each kimillion nephrons.dney there are about one
- What are the three main
renal processes that combined
produce urine?
Urine is made by the occurrence of
three processesglomerular filtration, tu in the nephron:bular resorptio (^) n
and tubular secretion.
In the nephron the blood carrieafferent arteriole enters the glomerulard by the
capillary nThe filtration implies that petwork where it is filtered.art of the
blood returns to the circulation through
the efferent arteriole known as the glomerular filtrate, eand the other part,nters
the proximal tubule of the nephron. In
the nephron tubules (also kconvoluted tubules) substancesnown as of the (^)
glomerular filtrate like small organic molecules are resorbed bywater, ions and (^)
the cells of the tubule wall and gain
again the circulation. These cells also
secrete other substances inside the
tubules. The urine is formed of notresorbed filtered substances and of (^)
secreted (by the tubules) substances.
Urine is drained by the collto the ureter of each kidney, then itecting du cts
enters the bladder and later it is
discharged through the urethra.
The nephron tubules are surrounded by
an extensive capillary necollects resorbed substancestwork that and
provides others to be secreted.
- What is the main
transformation presented by
the glomerular filtrate in
comparison to the blood?
Glomerular filtrate is ththe plasma after it has pe name given toassed the
glomerulus ancapsule. The glomerular filtrate hd entered the Bowman’sas a
different composition compared to urine
since the fluid has not yet undergonetubular resorption and secretion.
The main dand the glomerular filtrate is that in ifference between the bloodthe (^)
latter thminimum and there are no cells or bloode amount of proteins is at a (^)
platelets.
- What is proteinuria? Why
is proteinuria a sign of
glomerular renal injury?
Proteinuria mthrough urine. Under normal coneans losing of proteinsditions (^)
proteins arglomerulus ane too big to be filtered by thed they are practically
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